Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 18.2, Problem 2TC
Scientists have identified a free living bacterium believed to be descended from the endosymbiont that gave rise to mitochondria. Would you expect the DNA sequence of this modem bacterium to be most similar to the sequence of DNA from a plant chloroplast, an animal cell nucleus, or a plant mitochondrion?
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For bacteria living in a rapidly changing environment, would a population of bacteria capable of conjugation be more successful than one that could not undergo conjugation? Explain why. Include in your answer a description of the process of conjugation and its advantages over other mechanisms of DNA transfer between prokaryotic organisms.
You are tutoring a fellow student about the genomes of prokaryotes. You ask them to give you one important characteristic about the genomes of bacteria. Which of the following statement given by your student is correct?
-Bacterial cells can contain DNA called plasmids.
-The bacterial chromosome is not contained within a nucleus but, rather, is found at the nucleolus
-Bacterial genomes are diploid throughout most of the cell cycle.
-Bacterial genomes are composed of linear DNA.
-Bacterial cells have multiple chromosomes, "packed" with a relatively large amount of protein.
When an E. coli donor cell duplicates a strand of plasmid DNA, and passes this DNA strand to a recipient E. coli cell, without the use of naked DNA in solution or of a viral vector, this is:
an example of horizontal gene transfer by means of lysogenic bacteriophages
an example of horizontal gene transfer by means of lytic bacteriophages
an example of horizontal gene transfer by means of transformation
an example of horizontal gene transfer by means of transduction
an example of horizontal gene transfer by means of conjugation
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Assume that there are horizontal gene transfers between two completely different bacterial species. In one case it is a plasmid that is transmitted via conjugation, in the other case it is it is a part of the bacterial chromosome that is transferred via transformation. In which of the two cases is it likely that the transferred DNA will be present? left and can function in the recipient cells? Explain the biological background to your answerarrow_forwardYou have discovered a new species of archaea from a hot spring in Yellowstone National Park. After growing a pure culture of this organism, what strategy might you employ to sequence its genome?arrow_forwardGenetic analysis of Mycobacterium leprae, the bacterium that causes leprosy, reveals that its genome has undergone decay over time, losing DNA and acquiring mutations that make some of its genes nonfunctional. What might be some potential reasons for this evolutionary decay of its genome?arrow_forward
- find an example of a set of genes that have been horizontally gene transferred between bacteria or archaea. Which organisms are the genes transferred between? Explain the set of genes that were transferred. Include what they are for and what the advantage to sharing those genes are.What do the organisms use the genes for?Which organisms the transfer happened between?What might be the advantage be to share the genes with other organisms?arrow_forwardA researcher sequenced a portion of a bacterial gene and obtainedthe following sequence, beginning with the start codon, which isunderlined:ATG CCG GAT TAC CCG GTC CCA AAC AAA ATG ATCGGC CGC CGA ATC TAT CCCThe bacterial strain that contained this gene has been maintainedin the laboratory and grown serially for many generations. Recently,another person working in the laboratory isolated DNA from thebacterial strain and sequenced the same region. The followingresults were obtained:ATG CCG GAT TAT CCG GTC CCA AAT AAA ATG ATCGGC CGC CGA ATC TAC CCCExplain why the differences in the sequences may have occurred.arrow_forwardSuppose Meselson and Stahl labelled bacterial DNA with heavy nitrogen (15N, a stable isotope) and with radioactive carbon (14C), then allowed the bacteria to grow two generations in the presence of light nitrogen and non-radioactive carbon. If they extracted the DNA from the second generation of bacteria and centrifuged it: how many bands of DNA would there be in the centrifuge tube, where would the bands be in the centrifuge tube (top/least dense to bottom/most dense), for each band, what fraction of the total DNA would it represent and … which bands would be radioactive?arrow_forward
- Why are chloroplasts and mitochondria shown as arrows originating from the Bacteria ?arrow_forwardIn order to transform a bacteria, the cell wall should be perforated either through physical or chemical means. true or false?arrow_forwardCan these bacteria have either a genome made of RNA or DNA? If so, please explainarrow_forward
- If most of the DNA in Bacteria and Archaea is coding DNA and much of the DNA in higher plants and animals is non-coding (does not code for proteins), does this fact make it reasonable that the single-celled Bacteria and Archaea have lower mutation rates per base-pair than do eukaryotes? Why or why not?arrow_forwardA researcher sequences the genome of a variety of bacterial and eukaryotic cells. She finds that the bacterial genome is smaller, but that there are more genes for a given number of base pairs in the eukaryotic cells. In other words, there are fewer genes per unit of length of DNA in the eukaryotic cells. What do you predict she will find if she examines the DNA more closely? A. All of the bacterial DNA consists of coding sequences, but this is not true of the eukaryotic DNA. B. There are more repetitive sequences in the eukaryotic DNA than in the bacterial DNA. C. There are densely packed genes in the eukaryotic DNA that were not immediately distinguishable during the first analysis. D. The bacteria have larger quantities of noncoding DNA than the eukaryotic cells.arrow_forwardDescribe the four phases of bacterial cell division. Where would horizontal gene transfer occur? Where would sporogenesis occur? If antibiotics generally target cells which are growing and dividing as fast as they can, when would antibiotics be most effective? If a culture had 4 cells to begin with and has a generation time of 60 minutes, how long would it take to get 1,048,576 cells?arrow_forward
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genetic recombination strategies of bacteria CONJUGATION, TRANSDUCTION AND TRANSFORMATION; Author: Scientist Cindy;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Va8FZJEl9A;License: Standard youtube license