Concept explainers
Introduction:
The immune system normally serves to protect the body from an external attack. This protective function primarily depends on distinguishing self (the body’s own cells) from non-self and is crucial to a healthy immune system. The recognizing capacity of the immune system is possible due to the presence of large molecules called antigens, which are expressed and displayed on all cells’ surfaces.
An application of the antigen–antibody reaction is when blood is required to be transfused from a donor to a recipient. The presence or absence of antigens and antibodies on the erythrocytes and in the plasma of the donor and recipient needs to be considered to avoid a potentially life-threatening transfusion reaction.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 18 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
- What are Intravenous solutions?arrow_forwardWhat are interferons? How do they work?arrow_forwardA patient's antibody screen is resulted as positive. What should be done to test units for transfusion? Question 7 options: A) Antigen type the patient's red cells and crossmatch units positive for the same antigens. B) Determine the reacting antibody and crossmatch units negative for the corresponding antigen. C) Crossmatch ABO compatible blood at the immediate spin phase. D) Determine the reacting antibody and confirm that the donor did not have any similar antibodies.arrow_forward
- What is the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) or human leukocyte antigens (HLA)?arrow_forwardWhat are five different ways that antibodies help our bodies fight diseases?arrow_forwardIf a person is given a transfusion with the wrong blood type, what mechanism of action is responsible for the reaction seen in the body? O 1) IgE binds to mast cells releasing cytokines 2) Antigen-antibody complexes (IgG, IgM and IgA) lodge in basement membranes of tissues, neutrophil degranulation damages the tissues O 3) T cells respond to the inappropriate cells 4) IgG and IgM bind to cells stimulating complement, triggering cell lysisarrow_forward