Chapter 18.4, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To describe:

The reason behind the small size of today’s ferns, club mosses, and horsetails in comparison to their giant ancestors.

Introduction:

Vast swamps and shallow seas covered much of the region of North America and Europe. The great expanse of forests comprised of gigantic trees covered this region. Trees at that time were different from the oaks, elms, and pines of today’s world. Those trees were primitive vascular plants.