Concept explainers
Several compounds have been found to inhibit β-lactamase, and drugs based on these compounds can be taken in combination with penicillins and cephalosporins to restore their effectiveness when resistance is known to be a problem. The commonly prescribed formulation called Augmentin is a combination of the β-lactamase inhibitor shown below with amoxicillin (shown above). It is used to treat childhood ear infections when resistance is suspected, and many kids know it as the white liquid that tastes like bananas. Which of the statements below are true statements?
- 1. The stereochemistry of the fusion between the four-and five-membered rings in the inhibitor and amoxicillin are different.
- 2. The inhibitor possesses enol ether and allylic alcohol functional groups while the antibiotic possesses a phenol and a secondary amide functional group.
- 3. Neither the inhibitor nor the antibiotic contains strained rings.
- 4. Both 1 and 2 are true.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 18 Solutions
ORG.CHEM:TXT+OWLV2+MINDTAP 6MTHS >BI<
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Living By Chemistry: First Edition Textbook
Basic Chemistry (5th Edition)
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
Chemistry: Atoms First
Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
- Explain the following terms with one suitable example for each: (i) A sweetening agent for diabetic person (ii) Enzymes (iii) Analgesicsarrow_forward2. Flavopiridol was the first semi-synthetic cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor to be tested in clinical trials. Research has shown that co-administration of flavopiridol with drugs such as the taxanes had synergistic cytotoxic effects against a variety of tumour cells. HO но, HO O 1114 CI 2.1 Is flavopiridol a natural product? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardWhat advantage does the enzyme gain by forming an imine?arrow_forward
- Here's the structure of serotonin. Draw a picture showing how serotonin might bind to a protein. Be sure to include at least 2 different types of interactions; label the types of stabilizing interactions.arrow_forward1. The antibacterial activity of flavonoids was tested against the bacterial strain, Escherichia coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration at which 50% of the compounds were inhibited (MIC50) are presented in the table below for some of the compounds. Table 1: Antibacterial activity of flavonoids tested against E. coli Compound Kaempferol Quercetin Compound X Luteolin Tangeritin 5,6,7,4'- Tetramethoxyflavone Genistin Genistein MIC50 (μg/mL) 25.50 35.76 36.72 67.25 137.10 156.34 238.94 320.88 1.1 What subgroups of flavonoids do these belong to.arrow_forward1. The antibacterial activity of flavonoids was tested against the bacterial strain, Escherichia coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration at which 50% of the compounds were inhibited (MIC50) are presented in the table below for some of the compounds. Table 1: Antibacterial activity of flavonoids tested against E. coli Compound Kaempferol Quercetin Compound X Luteolin Tangeritin 5,6,7,4'- Tetramethoxyflavone Genistin Genistein MIC50 (µg/mL) 25.50 35.76 36.72 67.25 137.10 156.34 238.94 320.88 1.3 Would myricetin have higher or lower antibacterial activity compared to quercetin? Justify your answer by using the results provided.arrow_forward
- Glipizide (Glucotrol™M) HN O NH Secondary amine Primary amine Secondary amide Tertiary amine Primary amide N N www N 0arrow_forwardDipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine is a surfactant found in the lining of the lungs. It prevents the lungs from collapsing when the lung volume is low and protects the lungs from injuries caused by inhaled particles. Draw its structure.arrow_forwardAssume the following two molecules exhibit identical bioactivity and pharmacokinetics. In considering which to promote to lead status in a drug discovery program, which would be the more desirable choice? S bag O Compound B Compound A A NHMe B S N Me ΝΗarrow_forward
- Benzodiazepines are known to have a wide therapeutic window. What makes benzodiazepines relatively safe even when consumed in higher than therapeutic doses?arrow_forwardWhat is the molecular Shape of the Pharmacutical drug Ativan?arrow_forwardParoxetine (Paxil) is an antidepressant that is a member of a family of drugs known as Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIS). This family of drugs also includes fluoxetine (Prozac) and sertraline (Zoloft). SSRIS work by inhibiting the reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the synapses of the central nervous system follow- ing release of serotonin during excitation of individual nerve cells. Between firings, the serotonin is taken back up by a nerve cell in preparation for firing again. Inhibition of reuptake has the effect of increasing the time serotonin molecules remain in the syn- apses following excitation, leading to a therapeutic effect. In one synthesis of parox- etine, the following reagents are used. Draw the structures of synthetic intermediates A and B. F НО SOCI, A B HO Pyridinearrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning