Explanation Explanation for the correct answer: Option (d ) is given as all of the above, which means that endocrine organs can be controlled by hormones from other endocrine glands, direct neural stimulation, and changes in the composition of extracellular fluid. The pituitary gland is considered as the master gland. The hormones from this gland serve in order to regulate secretion of hormones from the other glands. For example, the TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) secreted by the anterior portion of the pituitary gland enhances release of thyroid hormone (TH) from the thyroid gland. The pituitary gland, which in turn, control hypothalamus hormones. The thyrotropin-releasing hormones control the release of TSH from the pituitary gland. The neural secretory cells of the pituitary gland control various endocrine glands through hormone secretions. For example, the parasympathetic nerves stimulate release of the adrenaline and noradrenaline from the adrenal gland during stressful conditions. Changes in the composition of extracellular fluid can lead to activation of the hormones like renin, angiotensin, ADH (anti-diuretic hormone), and aldosterone. Hence, option (d) is correct. Explanation for incorrect answers: Option (a) is given that endocrine organs can be controlled by hormones from other glands...

8th Edition

ISBN: 9780100799554

Author: Martini

Publisher: YUZU

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Question

Chapter 19, Problem 14RFT

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The endocrine system operates with the help of chemical messengers, which are produced by various organs or glands. The hormones are secreted directly into the bloodstream to maintain equilibrium of the body. The major endocrine glands of the body are thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, pituitary, pineal, hypothalamus, testes, ovaries, and parathyroid glands.

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Chapter 19, Problem 13RFT

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(a) Describe the body location of each of the following endocrine organs: anterior pituitary, pineal gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, and adrenal glands. (b) List the hormones produced by each organ.

1) Gross Anatomy and Basic Function of the Endocrine Glands a)Both the endocrine and nervous systems are major regulating systems of the body; however, the nervous system has been compared to a text message, and the endocrine system to mailing a letter. Briefly explain this comparison. b) Chemically, hormones belong chiefly to two molecular groups, the___ and the___ c) If hormones travel in the bloodstream, why don't all tissues respond to all hormones?

Endocrine downregulation ... a) ... occurs in target cells that respond to hormones that are present in constant amounts in the blood. b) ... leads to the increased sensitivity of the target organ to the hormone. c) ... leads to a decrease in the number of receptors in the target cell. d)... occurs in part due to increased receptor synthesis in the target cell.

Chapter 19 Solutions

EBK HUMAN ANATOMY

Ch. 19 - Match each numbered item with the most closely...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2RFT Ch. 19 - Prob. 3RFT Ch. 19 - Prob. 4RFT Ch. 19 - Prob. 5RFT Ch. 19 - Prob. 6RFT Ch. 19 - Prob. 7RFT Ch. 19 - Match each numbered item with the most closely...Ch. 19 - Match each numbered item with the most closely...Ch. 19 - Prob. 10RFT

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Solution Summary: The author explains that the endocrine system operates with the help of chemical messengers, which are produced by various organs or glands.

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