>C< WLU PHYSICAL SCIENCE
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781308807508
Author: Tillery
Publisher: MCG/CREATE
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Textbook Question
Chapter 19, Problem 15AC
The size of an earthquake is measured by
a. how many buildings are damaged.
b. the amount of energy released at the focus.
c. the height of the tsunami it generated.
d. the time of the earthquake.
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According to the LA Times news report, a moderate magnitude 3.6 earthquake centered near the Granada Hills neighborhood occured on Jan 22, 2020. Use scientific notation in your final results to a) Refer to the Mercalli scale above to identify the intensity level, shaking and description/damage of the earthquake. b) Draw a cross sectional sketch of the earth identifying the FOCUS and epicenter of the earthquake. c) Determine the amount of energy released in ergs and d) Joules.
The intensity of the earthquake and the reference intensity are related by the formula: R = log (I/Io). An earthquake in San Francisco in 1989 was reported to have a Richter number of 6.90. Compare the intensity of this earthquake to the reference intensity: San Francisco is ________ times more intense than the reference intensity.
13.) Seismic waves are transverse waves that travel only on Earth's surface.
a. true
b. false
Chapter 19 Solutions
>C< WLU PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Ch. 19 - 1. The premise that the present is the key to...Ch. 19 - 2. The concept of uniformitarianism is that rocks...Ch. 19 - 3. A force that compresses, pulls apart, or...Ch. 19 - 4. Rock stress caused by two plates moving...Ch. 19 - 5. Adjustment to stress is defined as
a....Ch. 19 - 6. Rocks at great depths are under
a. lower...Ch. 19 - 7. A bend in layered bedrock that resulted from...Ch. 19 - 8. Folds that resemble an arch are called
a....Ch. 19 - 9. A fold that forms a trough is called a (an)
a....Ch. 19 - 10. Movement between rocks on one side of a...
Ch. 19 - 11. The actual place where seismic waves originate...Ch. 19 - 12. The point on Earth's surface directly above...Ch. 19 - 13. An earthquake that occurs in the upper part of...Ch. 19 - 14. The majority of earthquakes (85 percent)...Ch. 19 - 15. The size of an earthquake is measured by
a....Ch. 19 - 16. The energy of the vibrations or the magnitude...Ch. 19 - 17. Earthquakes are detected and measured by
a. a...Ch. 19 - 18. Elevated parts of Earth’s crust that rise...Ch. 19 - 19. Which of the following is not a classification...Ch. 19 - 20. Mountains that rise sharply from surrounding...Ch. 19 - 21. A large amount of magma that has crystallized...Ch. 19 - 22. The most abundant extrusive rock is
a....Ch. 19 - 23. The basic difference between the frame of...Ch. 19 - 24. The difference between elastic deformation and...Ch. 19 - 25. Whether a rock layer subjected to stress...Ch. 19 - 26. When subjected to stress, rocks buried at...Ch. 19 - 27. A sedimentary rock layer that has not been...Ch. 19 - 28. The difference between a joint and a fault is...Ch. 19 - 29. A fault where the footwall has moved upward...Ch. 19 - 30. Reverse faulting probably resulted from which...Ch. 19 - 31. Earthquakes that occur at the boundary between...Ch. 19 - 32. Each higher number of the Richter scale
a....Ch. 19 - 33. The removal of “older” crust from the surface...Ch. 19 - 34. Hutton observed that rocks, rock structures,...Ch. 19 - 35. The principle of uniformity has a basic frame...Ch. 19 - 36. What is not considered a type of strain?
a....Ch. 19 - 37. How a rock responds to stress and strain does...Ch. 19 - 38. Which rock is more likely to break under...Ch. 19 - 39. Rocks near or on the surface
a. are not cooler...Ch. 19 - 40. Rocks recover their original shape after...Ch. 19 - 41. Which is not a type of fault?
a. Normal
b....Ch. 19 - 42. Where do most earthquakes occur?
a. Along...Ch. 19 - 43. The name of the fault that is of concern to...Ch. 19 - 44. P-waves travel ____ S-waves.
a. faster than
b....Ch. 19 - Prob. 45ACCh. 19 - 46. An earthquake is
a. the result of the sudden...Ch. 19 - 47. The Black Hills in South Dakota and the...Ch. 19 - 48. The Appalachian Mountains were formed when
a....Ch. 19 - 49. Mountains that were formed as a result of...Ch. 19 - 50. The source of magma for the Mount St. Helens...Ch. 19 - 1. What is the principle of uniformity? What are...Ch. 19 - 2. Describe the responses of rock layers to...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3QFTCh. 19 - 4. What does the presence of folded sedimentary...Ch. 19 - 5. Describe the conditions that would lead to...Ch. 19 - 6. How would plate tectonics explain the...Ch. 19 - 7. What is an earthquake? What produces an...Ch. 19 - 8. Where would the theory of plate tectonics...Ch. 19 - 9. Describe how the location of an earthquake is...Ch. 19 - 10. Briefly explain how and where folded mountains...Ch. 19 - 11. The magnitude of an earthquake is measured on...Ch. 19 - 12. Identify three areas of probable volcanic...Ch. 19 - Prob. 13QFTCh. 19 - 14. Describe any possible relationships between...Ch. 19 - 15. What is the source of magma that forms...Ch. 19 - 16. Describe how the nature of the lava produced...Ch. 19 - 17. What are mountains? Why do they tend to form...Ch. 19 - 1. Evaluate the statement “the present is the key...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2FFACh. 19 - 3. What are the significant similarities and...Ch. 19 - 4. Explain the combination of variables that...Ch. 19 - 1. The rocks in a syncline have been folded into a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2PEBCh. 19 - Prob. 3PEBCh. 19 - 4. The hanging wall of a fault has been displaced...Ch. 19 - Prob. 5PEBCh. 19 - Prob. 6PEBCh. 19 - Prob. 7PEBCh. 19 - 8. Compare the ground motion (surface wave...Ch. 19 - Prob. 9PEBCh. 19 - 10. How long would it take, in minutes, for a...Ch. 19 - 11. How high is a cinder cone volcano with a slope...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12PEBCh. 19 - Prob. 13PEBCh. 19 - Prob. 14PEBCh. 19 - Prob. 15PEB
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- Dubbed the ___, it is the geologically active region along the margins of the Pacific Ocean. (21.4)arrow_forwardAssume P waves travel at 10 km/s and S waves travel at 5 km/s. If the S waves from an earthquake arrive at a seismographic station 10 minutes after the P waves, how far away was the earthquake from the station’arrow_forwardReview. The North American and European plates of the Earths crust are drifting apart with a relative speed of about 25 mm/yr. Take the speed as constant and find when the rift between them started to open, to reach a current width of 2.9 103 mi.arrow_forward
- If an earthquake measures 7.9 on the Richter Scale, what is the intensity of this earthquake, relative to a 0-level earthquake? Round off your answer to the nearest integer.arrow_forwardA recent magnitude 6.0 Earthquake was recorded. Earthquakes represent a release of energy as a result of the earth's tectonic plates. a) Determine the amount of energy released in ergs. b) Determine the energy release in Joules. ( Hint use the earthquake formula M = 2/3 log (E/ 10^11.8); where M is the earthquake magnitude and E is the energy of the earthquake in ergs (recall 1 erg = 10^-7 Joules)).arrow_forwardEarthquakes produce several types of shock waves. The most well-known are the P-waves (P for primary or pressure) and the S-waves (S for secondary or shear). In the earth's crust, the P-waves travel at around 6.5 km/s while the S-waves move at about 3.5 km/s. The actual speeds vary depending on the type of material they are going through. The time delay between the arrival of these two waves at a seismic recording station tells geologists how far away the earthquake occurred. If the time delay is 33 s, how far from the seismic station did the earthquake occur?arrow_forward
- The intensity of a wave of an earthquake is measured as 9 J/m². At a different point 8.6 km away from the first point the intensity is reduced by 20%. At what distance from the centre of the earthquake is the first intensity measured. Please give your result in km with 1 decimal. (The centre of the earthquake, the first point and the second point should all be in one straight line).arrow_forwardUse the Richter scale r=log 1/i0 to find the intensity of the following earthquakes (let i0=1) a. magnitude 7.6 earthquake in Peru (2015) b. Magnitude 5.5 earthquake in Pakistan c how many times more intense was the earthquake in Peru compared to the one in Pakistanarrow_forward5 What is the delta T ?arrow_forward
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