Concept explainers
Define the difference between (a) gene and allele, (b) dominant allele and recessive allele, (c) homozygote and heterozygote, and (d) genotype and
(a)
To differentiate: Gene and allele
Introduction: Genetics is the study of genes and their inheritance patterns. Allele and gene are two common terms used in genetics.
Explanation of Solution
A gene includes a set of nucleotides that code for a particular trait.
An allele is a variant of a gene for the same trait coded by the gene.
(b)
To differentiate: Dominant and recessive allele.
Introduction: Genetics is the study of genes and their inheritance patterns. An allele is a variant of a gene for the same trait coded by the gene. Dominant and recessive alleles are two common terms used in genetics.
Explanation of Solution
The allele that is expressed in the heterozygous condition of two alleles is called as a dominant allele.
The recessive allele can be expressed only in homozygous condition. In heterozygous condition, the dominant allele masks its effects.
(c)
To differentiate: Homozygote and heterozygote.
Introduction: Genetics is the study of genes and their inheritance patterns. Homozygote and heterozygote are two common terms used in genetics. An allele is a variant of a gene for the same trait coded by the gene. Homologous chromosomes are a pair of chromosomes where one chromosome was obtained from the male gamete and the other from the female gamete at the time of the union of the nucleus during formation of zygote.
Explanation of Solution
The homozygote or homozygous condition is where the same allele is present on both the homologous chromosomes. Both the alleles are either dominant or recessive.
The heterozygote or heterozygous condition is where different alleles are present on both the homologous chromosomes. One allele is dominant and the other is recessive.
(d)
To differentiate: Genotype and phenotype
Introduction: Genetics is the study of genes and their inheritance patterns. Genotype and phenotype are two common terms used in genetics.
Explanation of Solution
The genetic makeup of an organism having genes that code for a particular trait of an individual trait is called as genotype.
The morphological or biochemical or physiological expression of the trait of the gene that encodes the trait is called the phenotype.
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Chapter 19 Solutions
EBK HUMAN BIOLOGY
- Which statement is false when considering alleles and genes? a) A given gene can have many different possible alleles. b) Alleles are alternative forms or variants of genes. c) Individuals can be homozygous or heterozygous, and this refers to which alleles they have for a particular gene. d) An allele is the same thing as a gene.arrow_forward7)Homozygote is a)an individual who has two copies of the same allele for a particular gene b)an individual who has to different alleles for a particular gene c)an individual who has one copy of the most common allele for a particular gene d)an individual who has one copy of the least common allele for a particular genearrow_forward6)Heterozygote is a)an individual who has two copies of the same allele for a particular gene b)an individual who has one copy of the most common allele for a particular gene c)an individual who has to different alleles for a particular gene d)an individual who has one copy of the least common allele for a particular genearrow_forward
- When a pair of alleles that an individual carry are the same, the person is said to be_____ for the trait a ) Polygenic b) Homologous c ) Autosomous e ) Homozygousarrow_forwardWhat do the terms genotype, phenotype, dominant, recessive, homozygous, and heterozygous mean?arrow_forwardA type of inheritance in which a physical trait shows uninterrupted variation within a population. a) incomplete dominance b) polygenic inheritance c) dominant-recessive inheritance d) multiple-allele inheritancearrow_forward
- Recessive genetic disorders are more frequent than disorders inherited as dominant because : a) carriers are not eliminated by the disease before reproduction b ) people carrying dominant genetic disorders always die before birth c ) dominant genetic disorders are never expressed in males e ) recessive genetic disorders are limited to persons of the same ethnicityarrow_forwardIn cats, long hair is recessive to short hair. A homozygous short haired male is mated with a long haired female. a) Show the genotypes of the parents, using proper notation. b) What will their kittens look like? What is the best example of genotype: a) the physical appearance of an organism b) the length of stem in a pea plant c) TT d) a short-haired cat a) Show the genotypes of the parents, using proper notation. b) What will their kittens look like?arrow_forwardhelppparrow_forward
- A blue eyed man (A) both of whose parents (B&C) were brown eyed, marries a brown eyed woman (D) whose father (E) was blue eyed and whose mother (F) was brown eyed. This man and woman have a blue eyed child (G) what are the genotypes of all the individuals mentioned? ( brown is dominant over blue) Could two blue eyed parents have a brown eyed child? Could two brown eyed parents have a blue eyed child?arrow_forwardDefine and explain the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes (50 words) and dominant and recessive traits (50 words).arrow_forwardRecessive genetic disorders are more frequent than disorders inherited as dominant because : a) recessive genetic disorders are limited to persons of the same ethnicity c) dominant genetic disorders are never expressed in males d) people carrying dominant genetic disorders always die before birth e ) carriers are not eliminated by the disease before reproductionarrow_forward
- Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning