Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133910605
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 19, Problem 2AC
Applying the Concepts
2. During major floods, only the topmost branches of submerged trees may be visible above the. water. If you were asked to sketch the branches below the surface of the water solely on the basis of the positions of the exposed tips, you would be attempting a reconstruction somewhat similar to the “family tree” by which systematists link various organisms according to their common ancestors (analogous to branching points). What sources of error do both exercises share? What advantages do modern systematists have?
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Constructing a Phylogenetic Tree
Now, you are going to create and the interpret your own phylogenetic tree. Take a look at the characteristics for these organisms.
Plant Group
Photosynthesis?
Seeds?
Water-conducting Tissue?
Flowers?
Ferns
X
Gymnosperms
Mosses
Angiosperms
X
Using the characteristics from the table above, determine where each of these organisms belongs on the tree below, then answer the questions.
D
A
В
Being able to do photosynthesis is an example of a:
O shared derived character
O shared ancestral character
Part 2: Interpreting your phylogeny
Use your phylogeny to answer the following questions in the spaces provided
1.
Does any character exhibit evolutionary convergence (i.e., homoplasy) on this
tree? If so, which one(s)?
Is live birth a derived or an ancestral feature?
2.
3.
If species A, B, and C were placed into their own genus based on the presence of
green eyes, would this group be monophyletic, paraphyletic, or polyphyletic?
If species D, E, F, and G were placed into their own genus based on the presence
of red eyes, would this group be monophyletic, paraphyletic, or polyphyletic?
If species F and G had green eyes, and you knew nothing about the ancestor of
the group, would green eyes be more likely to be a derived trait or an ancestral
trait?
4.
5.
Is any character trait on the tree an autapomorphy, meaning that it is derived but
not shared with any other taxa? If so, which one(s)? If not, write 'none.'
6.
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Fill out the blank with their Dichotomous key.2. In each numbered series you should read both choices, determine which choice best applies to the Phylum. Note that some Phyla are already given as guides.3. Proceed where the key tells you to go, often skipping other steps (numbers) in between that do not apply.
Dichotomous key for the Major Invertebrate Phyla
1. Radial symmetry or asymmetry…………………………………………….……………………………………….… Proceed to Number 2 Bilateral symmetry………………………………………….……………………………………………………………..… Proceed to Number 4
2. Highly porous surface, not true tissues……………………………………Phylum ________________ Surface is not highly porous, true tissues present………………………………………………………..….. Proceed to Number 3
3. Exhibits pentaramous symmetry and tube feet……………………….Phylum _______________
Lacks pentamerous symmetry and tube feet, possesses tentacles (with nematocysts)…………………………………………………………………………Phylum ________________
4. Macroscopic colony of sessile, microscopic…
Chapter 19 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
Ch. 19.1 - Origin of a Killer Analysis of nucleotide...Ch. 19.1 - explain why scientific names are necessary?Ch. 19.1 - Analysis of human chromosome 2 revealed that it...Ch. 19.1 - describe the type of similarities that...Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 19.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 19.2 - Prob. 1TCCh. 19.2 - explain how scientists discovered that prokaryotes...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 19.3 - Prob. 1HYEW
Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 19.4 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 19 - Applying the Concepts The pressures created by...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 19 - Prob. 1MCCh. 19 - What contributions did Linnaeus and Darwin make to...Ch. 19 - Applying the Concepts 2. During major floods, only...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 19 - To be informative for reconstructing the phylogeny...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2RQCh. 19 - Consider the following list of groups: (1)...Ch. 19 - In Linnaean classification, the eight major...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3MCCh. 19 - What techniques might you use to determine whether...Ch. 19 - Systematists determine the evolutionary...Ch. 19 - In modern systematics, classifications are...Ch. 19 - Only a small fraction of the total number of...Ch. 19 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 19 - Which of the following includes all the domains...Ch. 19 - In England, daddy longlegs refers to a long-legged...Ch. 19 - The number of named species is about ________, but...Ch. 19 - Why are species designations of asexually...
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