Explanation a. Correct answer: Head Explanation: Head is present at the dorsal end of nerve cord. Head is part of the body that contains the brain. It allowed chordates to scrutinize the environment for feeding, predation, shelter with the help of the sense organs for survival. Chordates with first proper head structures (craniates) are Hagfishes (mammals). Further evolution occurred from lampreys. Hence, the correct answer is head. b. Correct answer: Vertebral column Explanation: The vertebral column is also known as backbone and spine. It is made of small bones called as vertebrae. The vertebral column contains the spinal cord and protects it from shock and mechanical injury. The first Chordates with a proper vertebral column are lampreys. Further evolution occurred from sharks and rays. Hence, the correct answer is the vertebral column. c. Correct answer: Jaws Explanation: Feeding opportunities in the animals opened up by the development of jaws in the head. It allowed chordates to tear apart flesh of their prey and consume them. The first Chordates with jaws include sharks and rays. Further evolution occurred from ray-finned fishes. Hence, the correct answer is jaws. d. Correct answer: Lungs or lung derivatives Explanation: A chordate respires (takes in oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide, inspiration, and expiration) through lungs or gills. Lungs or gills allowed advanced life forms to sustain on earth. The first Chordates with lungs or lung derivatives consist of the ray-finned fishes. Further evolution occurred from lobe-finned fishes. Hence, the correct answer is lungs . e...

15th Edition

ISBN: 9781269930741

Author: Reece

Publisher: PEARSON C

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Chapter 19, Problem 2CC

Summary Introduction

To complete: The given chordate phylogenic tree with shared derived characters that define each clade.

Introduction: Chordates belong to the Phylum Chordata. Chordates have a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, an endostyle, and a post-anal tail in their life cycle. Clades of chordates are as follows: tunicates, lancelets, hagfishes, lampreys, sharks/rays, ray-finned fishes, lobe-finned fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals.

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Chapter 19 Solutions

CAMPBELL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS..W/JUNGLE>IC

Ch. 19 - Connecting the Concepts 1. In the primate...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 19 - A lamprey, a shark, a lizard, and a rabbit share...Ch. 19 - Why were the Tiktaalik fossils an exciting...Ch. 19 - Fossils suggest that the first major trait...Ch. 19 - Which of the following correctly lists possible...Ch. 19 - Which of these is not a member of the anthropoids?...Ch. 19 - Studies of DNA support which of the following? a....Ch. 19 - The earliest members of the genus Homo a. had a...Ch. 19 - Compare the adaptations of amphibians and reptiles...

Ch. 19 - Birds and mammals are both endothermic, and both...Ch. 19 - What adaptations inherited from our primate...Ch. 19 - Summarize the hypotheses that explain variation in...Ch. 19 - A good scientific hypothesis is based on existing...Ch. 19 - Explain some of the reasons why the human species...Ch. 19 - Anthropologists are interested in locating areas...Ch. 19 - SCIENTIFIC THINKING By measuring the fossil...

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