21ST CENT.AST.W/WKBK+SMARTWORK >BI<
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780393415216
Author: Kay
Publisher: NORTON
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Chapter 19, Problem 38QP
To determine
To explain how to calculate the maximum size of an object and also how large it can be.
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The farthest objects in our Universe discovered by modern astronomers are so distant that light emitted by them takes billions of years to reach the Earth. These objects (known as quasars) have many puzzling features, which have not yet been satisfactorily explained. What is the distance in km of a quasar from which light takes 3.0 billion years to reach us ?
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Question A7
Consider the following line element,
ds² = - dt² + a² (t) (da² + dy²) + b² (t) dz²,
where a(t) and b(t) are distinct functions. State whether or not this line element obeys the
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Chapter 19 Solutions
21ST CENT.AST.W/WKBK+SMARTWORK >BI<
Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 19.1ACYUCh. 19.1 - Prob. 19.1BCYUCh. 19.2 - Prob. 19.2CYUCh. 19.3 - Prob. 19.3CYUCh. 19.4 - Prob. 19.4CYUCh. 19 - Prob. 1QPCh. 19 - Prob. 2QPCh. 19 - Prob. 3QPCh. 19 - Prob. 4QPCh. 19 - Prob. 5QP
Ch. 19 - Prob. 6QPCh. 19 - Prob. 7QPCh. 19 - Prob. 8QPCh. 19 - Prob. 9QPCh. 19 - Prob. 10QPCh. 19 - Prob. 11QPCh. 19 - Prob. 12QPCh. 19 - Prob. 13QPCh. 19 - Prob. 14QPCh. 19 - Prob. 15QPCh. 19 - Prob. 16QPCh. 19 - Prob. 17QPCh. 19 - Prob. 18QPCh. 19 - Prob. 19QPCh. 19 - Prob. 20QPCh. 19 - Prob. 21QPCh. 19 - Prob. 22QPCh. 19 - Prob. 23QPCh. 19 - Prob. 24QPCh. 19 - Prob. 25QPCh. 19 - Prob. 26QPCh. 19 - Prob. 27QPCh. 19 - Prob. 28QPCh. 19 - Prob. 29QPCh. 19 - Prob. 30QPCh. 19 - Prob. 31QPCh. 19 - Prob. 32QPCh. 19 - Prob. 33QPCh. 19 - Prob. 34QPCh. 19 - Prob. 35QPCh. 19 - Prob. 36QPCh. 19 - Prob. 37QPCh. 19 - Prob. 38QPCh. 19 - Prob. 39QPCh. 19 - Prob. 40QPCh. 19 - Prob. 41QPCh. 19 - Prob. 42QPCh. 19 - Prob. 43QPCh. 19 - Prob. 44QPCh. 19 - Prob. 45QP
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- How many galaxies like our own would it take if they were placed edge-to-edge to reach the nearest galaxy? (Hint: See Problems 11 and 12.)arrow_forwardThe Millennium Falcon is approximately 35.2 m long. There are conflicting reports, but the Falcon made the Kessel Run in approximately 12.27 parsecs. This is an odd unit to measure speed with as a parsec is a unit of length equal to 3.26 light-year. The science FICTION comes in when you consider that ships in Star Wars use hyperdrive to travel faster than the speed of light, so they are able to make jumps through space. Han Solo picked difficult or dangerous points to jump between to make the trip so short. Let's imagine that the Millennium Falcon travels at 0.96c during the 12.27 parsec Kessel Run. What distance, in light-year, does an observer at the finish line measure for the trip? Don't forget to convert parsec to light-year. X light-year What distance, in light-year, does Han Solo measure for the trip as he pilots the ship? light-year Which person measures the proper distance of the trip? Which person would measure the proper length of the Millennium Falcon?arrow_forward10arrow_forward
- Two distant galaxies are observed to have redshifts z1 = 0.05 and z2 = 0.15, and distances d1 = 220.60 Mpc and d2 = 661.75 Mpc, respectively. Assuming the motion of the galaxies is due to the Hubble flow, determine the value of the Hubble constant, H0. Show how the value of H0 can be used to estimate the age of the Universe, describing any assumptions that you make. Use the value of H0 you have obtained to estimate the age of the Universe, expressing your answer in Gyr.arrow_forwarda) Define the term “standard candle” as used in cosmology b). The flux is defined as f(Dlum) = L /4πD2lum , where L is the absolute luminosity and Dlum is the distance to the radiation source (you may assume z ≪ 1). Assume that we have measured the flux to be f = 7.234 10−23Wm−2 and the absolute luminosity is given by L = 3.828 1026W. Calculate the luminosity distance Dlum to the object in Mpc. c). Calculate the distance modulus µ for the object of the previous subquestion. Show that the distance modulus µ can be written as given in imagearrow_forwardA galaxy is observed to recede from Earth with an approximate speed of 0.81c. Approximately how far d from Earth is this galaxy? Give an answer in units of megaparsecs (Mpc). d = ? Mpc How long ago t was the light that we see emitted by the galaxy? Give an answer in units of years. t = ? yearsarrow_forward
- The Millennium Falcon is approximately 35.2 m long. There are conflicting reports, but the Fàlcon made the Kessel Run in approximately 12.95 parsecs. This is an odd unit to measure speed with as a parsec is a unit of length equal to 3.26 light-year. The science FICTION comes in when you consider that ships in Star Wars use hyperdrive to travel faster than the speed of light, so they are able to make jumps through space. Han Solo picked difficult or dangerous points to jump between to make the trip so short.tet's imagine that the Millennium Falcon travels at 0.95c during the 12.95 parsec Kessel Run. What distance, in light-year, does an observer at the finish line measure for the trip? Don't forget to convert parsec to light-year. light-year What distance, in light-year, does Han Solo measure for the trip as he pilots the ship? | light-yeararrow_forwardThe geometry of spacetime in the Universe on large scales is determined by the mean energy density of the matter in the Universe, ρ. The critical density of the Universe is denoted by ρ0 and can be used to define the parameter Ω0 = ρ/ρ0. Describe the geometry of space when: (i) Ω0 < 1; (ii) Ω0 = 1; (iii) Ω0 > 1. Explain how measurements of the angular sizes of the hot- and cold-spots in the CMB projected on the sky can inform us about the geometry of spacetime in our Universe. What do measurements of these angular sizes by the WMAP and PLANCK satellites tell us about the value of Ω0?arrow_forwardWhy can't we see past the cosmological horizon? The universe extends only to this horizon. Beyond the cosmological horizon, the Universe curves away from us, like the surface of the Earth. O We do not have telescopes big enough. Beyond the cosmological horizon, we are looking back to a time before the universe had formed.arrow_forward
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