OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT W/ CNCT+
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781259574931
Author: Stevenson
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Chapter 19, Problem 5DRQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: What sliding an objective function line towards and away from the origin means.
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What does sliding an objective function line toward the origin represent? Away from the origin?
Consider the linear program
max 4y_{1} + 5y_{2}
s.t. - y_{1} + y_{2} <= 4
y_{1} - y_{2} <= 10
y_{1}, y_{2} >= 0
(a) Show graphically that the model is unbounded.
WHAT IS THE NEW TOTAL VALUE?
A garden store prepares various grades of pine bark for mulch: nuggets (x1), mini-nuggets (x2), and chips (x3). The process requires pine bark, machine time, labor time, and storage space. The following model has been developed.
Maximize
9x1 + 9x2+ 6x3 (profit)
Subject to
Bark
5x1
+
6x2
+
3x3
≤
600
pounds
Machine
2x1
+
4x2
+
5x3
≤
600
minutes
Labor
2x1
+
4x2
+
3x3
≤
480
hours
Storage
1x1
+
1x2
+
1x3
≤
150
bags
x1, x2, x3
≥
0
What is the new value of the objective function, if the profit on chips increases from $6 per bag to $7 per bag?
The New Value Is=
Chapter 19 Solutions
OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT W/ CNCT+
Ch. 19 - For which decision environment is linear...Ch. 19 - What is meant by the term feasible solution space?...Ch. 19 - Explain the term redundant constraint.Ch. 19 - Prob. 4DRQCh. 19 - Prob. 5DRQCh. 19 - Prob. 6DRQCh. 19 - Prob. 1PCh. 19 - Prob. 2PCh. 19 - Prob. 3PCh. 19 - A small candy shop is preparing for the holiday...
Ch. 19 - A retired couple supplement their income by making...Ch. 19 - Solve each of these problems by computer and...Ch. 19 - Prob. 7PCh. 19 - For Problem 6b: a. Find the range of feasibility...Ch. 19 - Prob. 9PCh. 19 - Prob. 10PCh. 19 - Prob. 11PCh. 19 - The manager of the deli section of a grocery...Ch. 19 - Prob. 13PCh. 19 - A chocolate maker has contracted to operate a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 15PCh. 19 - Prob. 16PCh. 19 - Prob. 1.1CQCh. 19 - Prob. 1.2CQCh. 19 - Prob. 1.3CQCh. 19 - Prob. 2.1CQCh. 19 - Prob. 2.2CQCh. 19 - Prob. 2.3CQCh. 19 - Prob. 2.4CQ
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- If a monopolist produces q units, she can charge 400 4q dollars per unit. The variable cost is 60 per unit. a. How can the monopolist maximize her profit? b. If the monopolist must pay a sales tax of 5% of the selling price per unit, will she increase or decrease production (relative to the situation with no sales tax)? c. Continuing part b, use SolverTable to see how a change in the sales tax affects the optimal solution. Let the sales tax vary from 0% to 8% in increments of 0.5%.arrow_forwardThe eTech Company is a fairly recent entry in the electronic device area. The company competes with Apple. Samsung, and other well-known companies in the manufacturing and sales of personal handheld devices. Although eTech recognizes that it is a niche player and will likely remain so in the foreseeable future, it is trying to increase its current small market share in this huge competitive market. Jim Simons, VP of Production, and Catherine Dolans, VP of Marketing, have been discussing the possible addition of a new product to the companys current (rather limited) product line. The tentative name for this new product is ePlayerX. Jim and Catherine agree that the ePlayerX, which will feature a sleeker design and more memory, is necessary to compete successfully with the big boys, but they are also worried that the ePlayerX could cannibalize sales of their existing productsand that it could even detract from their bottom line. They must eventually decide how much to spend to develop and manufacture the ePlayerX and how aggressively to market it. Depending on these decisions, they must forecast demand for the ePlayerX, as well as sales for their existing products. They also realize that Apple. Samsung, and the other big players are not standing still. These competitors could introduce their own new products, which could have very negative effects on demand for the ePlayerX. The expected timeline for the ePlayerX is that development will take no more than a year to complete and that the product will be introduced in the market a year from now. Jim and Catherine are aware that there are lots of decisions to make and lots of uncertainties involved, but they need to start somewhere. To this end. Jim and Catherine have decided to base their decisions on a planning horizon of four years, including the development year. They realize that the personal handheld device market is very fluid, with updates to existing products occurring almost continuously. However, they believe they can include such considerations into their cost, revenue, and demand estimates, and that a four-year planning horizon makes sense. In addition, they have identified the following problem parameters. (In this first pass, all distinctions are binary: low-end or high-end, small-effect or large-effect, and so on.) In the absence of cannibalization, the sales of existing eTech products are expected to produce year I net revenues of 10 million, and the forecast of the annual increase in net revenues is 2%. The ePIayerX will be developed as either a low-end or a high-end product, with corresponding fixed development costs (1.5 million or 2.5 million), variable manufacturing costs ( 100 or 200). and selling prices (150 or 300). The fixed development cost is incurred now, at the beginning of year I, and the variable cost and selling price are assumed to remain constant throughout the planning horizon. The new product will be marketed either mildly aggressively or very aggressively, with corresponding costs. The costs of a mildly aggressive marketing campaign are 1.5 million in year 1 and 0.5 million annually in years 2 to 4. For a very aggressive campaign, these costs increase to 3.5 million and 1.5 million, respectively. (These marketing costs are not part of the variable cost mentioned in the previous bullet; they are separate.) Depending on whether the ePlayerX is a low-end or high-end produce the level of the ePlayerXs cannibalization rate of existing eTech products will be either low (10%) or high (20%). Each cannibalization rate affects only sales of existing products in years 2 to 4, not year I sales. For example, if the cannibalization rate is 10%, then sales of existing products in each of years 2 to 4 will be 10% below their projected values without cannibalization. A base case forecast of demand for the ePlayerX is that in its first year on the market, year 2, demand will be for 100,000 units, and then demand will increase by 5% annually in years 3 and 4. This base forecast is based on a low-end version of the ePlayerX and mildly aggressive marketing. It will be adjusted for a high-end will product, aggressive marketing, and competitor behavior. The adjustments with no competing product appear in Table 2.3. The adjustments with a competing product appear in Table 2.4. Each adjustment is to demand for the ePlayerX in each of years 2 to 4. For example, if the adjustment is 10%, then demand in each of years 2 to 4 will be 10% lower than it would have been in the base case. Demand and units sold are the samethat is, eTech will produce exactly what its customers demand so that no inventory or backorders will occur. Table 2.3 Demand Adjustments When No Competing Product Is Introduced Table 2.4 Demand Adjustments When a Competing Product Is Introduced Because Jim and Catherine are approaching the day when they will be sharing their plans with other company executives, they have asked you to prepare an Excel spreadsheet model that will answer the many what-if questions they expect to be asked. Specifically, they have asked you to do the following: You should enter all of the given data in an inputs section with clear labeling and appropriate number formatting. If you believe that any explanations are required, you can enter them in text boxes or cell comments. In this section and in the rest of the model, all monetary values (other than the variable cost and the selling price) should be expressed in millions of dollars, and all demands for the ePlayerX should be expressed in thousands of units. You should have a scenario section that contains a 0/1 variable for each of the binary options discussed here. For example, one of these should be 0 if the low-end product is chosen and it should be 1 if the high-end product is chosen. You should have a parameters section that contains the values of the various parameters listed in the case, depending on the values of the 0/1 variables in the previous bullet For example, the fixed development cost will be 1.5 million or 2.5 million depending on whether the 0/1 variable in the previous bullet is 0 or 1, and this can be calculated with a simple IF formula. You can decide how to implement the IF logic for the various parameters. You should have a cash flows section that calculates the annual cash flows for the four-year period. These cash flows include the net revenues from existing products, the marketing costs for ePlayerX, and the net revenues for sales of ePlayerX (To calculate these latter values, it will help to have a row for annual units sold of ePlayerX.) The cash flows should also include depreciation on the fixed development cost, calculated on a straight-line four-year basis (that is. 25% of the cost in each of the four years). Then, these annual revenues/costs should be summed for each year to get net cash flow before taxes, taxes should be calculated using a 32% tax rate, and taxes should be subtracted and depreciation should be added back in to get net cash flows after taxes. (The point is that depreciation is first subtracted, because it is not taxed, but then it is added back in after taxes have been calculated.) You should calculate the company's NPV for the four-year horizon using a discount rate of 10%. You can assume that the fixed development cost is incurred now. so that it is not discounted, and that all other costs and revenues are incurred at the ends of the respective years. You should accompany all of this with a line chart with three series: annual net revenues from existing products; annual marketing costs for ePlayerX; and annual net revenues from sales of ePlayerX. Once all of this is completed. Jim and Catherine will have a powerful tool for presentation purposes. By adjusting the 0/1 scenario variables, their audience will be able to see immediately, both numerically and graphically, the financial consequences of various scenarios.arrow_forwardWhy Modifying the objective function is required?arrow_forward
- Find the optimal solution for the following problem. (Round your answers to 3 decimal places.) Minimize C = 17x + 19y subject to 8x + 14y ≥ 21 11x + 6y ≥ 31 and x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0. What is the optimal value of x and y? What is the minimum value of the objective function? Please show me step by step how to do this by hand, not through excel.arrow_forwardWhat is meant by parametric linear programming ?arrow_forwardAnalyze algebraically what special case in simplex application is present in each of the LP model below. Give an explanation to support your answer. a) Maximize z = 4x1 + 2x2 Subject to: 2x1 - x2 ≤ 2 3x1 - 4x2 ≤ 8 x1, x2 ≥ 0b) Maximize z = 3x1 + 2x2 Subject to: 4x1 - x2 ≤ 8 4x1 + 3x2 ≤ 12 4x1 + x2 ≤ 8 x1, x2 ≥ 0arrow_forward
- Find the indicated maximum or minimum value of the objective function in the linear programming problem. Minimize g = 10x + 6y subject to the following. x + 2y ≥ 10 2x + y ≥ 11 x + y ≥ 9 x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0arrow_forwardWhat is the objective function and constraints? A fruit juice company makes two special drinks by blending apple and pineapple juices. The first drink uses 30% apple juice and 70% pineapple, while the second drink uses 60% apple and 40% pineapple. There are 1000 liters of apple and 1500 liters of pineapple juice available. If the profit for the first drink is P60 per liter and that for the second drink is P50, Formulate an LP that will find the number of liters of each drink that should be produced in order to maximize the profit.arrow_forwardUse Linear Programming. 2. In a grocery store, shelf space is limited and must be used effectively to increase profit. Two cereal items, FL and KC, compete for total shelf space of 60 square feet. A box of FL occupies 0.2 ft2 and a box of KC needs 0.4 ft2. The maximum daily demands of FL and KC are 200 and 120 boxes, respectively. A box of FL nets PhP 10 in profit and a box of KC PhP 13.50. The owner of the grocery thinks that because the unit profit of KC is 35% higher than that of FL, KC should also be allocated 35% more space than FL, which amounts to allocating about 57% to KC and 43% to FL. What do you think?arrow_forward
- Evaluate how linear programming modeling helps managers in their analysis to make optimal decisions and analyze the problem, the objective function, constraints, and decision variables. Share a real-world application.arrow_forwardFind the optimal solution for the following problem. Maximize C = 4x + 12y subject to 3x + 5y ≤ 12 6x + 2y ≤ 10 and x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0. What is the optimal value of x? What is the optimal value of y? (Round your answer to 3 decimal places.) What is the maximum value of the objective function? (Round your answer to 3 decimal places.)arrow_forwardGiven this linear programming model, solve the model and then answer the questions that follow.Maximize Z = 12x1 + 18x2 + 15x3 where x1 = the quantity of product 1 to make, etc.Subject toMachine 5x1 + 4x2 + 3x3 ≤ 160 minutes Labor 4x1 + 10x2 + 4x3 ≤ 288 hoursMaterials 2x1 + 2x2 + 4x3 ≤ 200 poundsProduct 2 x2 ≤ 16 units x1, x2, x3 ≥ 0 a. Are any constraints binding? If so, which one(s)?arrow_forward
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