Evolution
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781605356051
Author: Douglas Futuyma, Mark Kirkpatrick
Publisher: SINAUER
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Chapter 19, Problem 7PDT
Summary Introduction
To determine: The ways to test hypotheses that different factors may be responsible for the decline or extinction of a group.
Introduction: The diversification rate of different species increase when members of that species come in contact with a new geography. For insects to evolve, adaptation is the key feature that can enable them to survive in their new niche.
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Through the human introduction of invasive species and forced migration of various species such as pack mules, elk, and hog-nosed skunks into the Kaibab squirrels’ habitat, scientists hypothesize two outcomes that might occur to the squirrel population. Examine the following null hypotheses formulated to explain rates of speciation and extinction of the Kaibab squirrel population as an influx of species continues to migrate into their niche.
Null Hypothesis: The rate of speciation (C) remains steady when species compete for available resources while all will continue toward extinction (B).
Which of the following graphically depicts the alternative hypotheses?
Which of the following statements is false?
a.
Gradual speciation is most likely to occur in a large population that lives in a stable climate.
b.
Punctuated equilibrium is unlikely to occur in a large population that lives in a stable climate.
c.
Gradual speciation and punctuated equilibrium both result in the divergence of species.
d.
Gradual speciation is most likely to occur in a small population that experiences a rapid change in its environment.
Consider the following scenario. A large population of lizards occupies an extensive range that is relatively uniform ecologically (i.e., in terms of climate and co-occurring species). At a certain point in time, the ancestral population becomes divided down the middle into two similar-sized portions by a barrier that completely prevents the movement of lizards between the descendant populations. Around the same time, a major flood occurs, and a small number of individuals have swept away from the mainland on floating debris and arrive alive on a small offshore island that has no lizards of this species. The habitat on the island is similar to their homeland, but not identical (the climate is slightly different, many mainland species of plants and animals are absent, and a few island species of plants and animals are different from any present on the mainland. Thus, there are now three separate populations. Compare and contrast the expected evolutionary consequences for these…
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- Consider the following scenario. A large population of lizards occupies an extensive range that is relatively uniform ecologically (i.e., in terms of climate and co-occurring species). At a certain point in time, the ancestral population becomes divided down the middle into two similar-sized portions by a barrier that completely prevents the movement of lizards between the descendant populations. Around the same time, a major flood occurs, and a small number of individuals are swept away from the mainland on floating debris and arrive alive on a small offshore island that has no lizards of this species. The habitat on the island is similar to their homeland, but not identical (the climate is slightly different, many mainland species of plants and animals are absent, and a few island species of plants and animals are different from any present on the mainland. Thus, there are now three separate populations. Compare and contrast the expected evolutionary consequences for these…arrow_forwardConsider the 4 lines of data to be from the life tables of various species. Each one represents a different age class, and they report values for lx, dx, qx, and bx. Again, they are from different species. Which of the 4 choices would you say belongs to the species with the most intense age specific mortality? Group of answer choices l4 = 711, d4 = 211, q4 = 0.723, b4 = 0.98 l1 = 549, d1 = 242, q1 = 0.613, b1 = 0.08 l2 = 267, d2 = 199, q2 = 0.214, b2 = 1.28 l3 = 915, d3 = 377, q3 = 0.357, b3 = 2.90arrow_forwardWhat are the most common mechanisms of sympatric speciation and in which major group of organisms does this happen most often? Distinguish between sympatric and allopatric and parapatric speciation. Which is considered the (far) more common mechanism of species formation? What does "gene flow" between populations do? Maximum of 1800 wordsarrow_forward
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