PHYSICAL SCIENCE
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781307077865
Author: Tillery, Bill
Publisher: MCG/CREATE
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Chapter 19, Problem 9PEB
To determine
The difference in P-wave and S-wave arrival times for each station in minutes and seconds.
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The intensity of a wave of an earthquake is measured as 9 J/m². At a different point 8.6 km away from the first point the intensity is reduced by 20%. At what distance from the centre of the earthquake is the first intensity measured.
Please give your result in km with 1 decimal. (The centre of the earthquake, the first point and the second point should all be in one straight line).
The intensity of an earthquake wave passing through the Earth is measured to be 1.5×106 J/(m2⋅s) at a distance of 46 km from the source.
What was its intensity when it passed a point only 2.0 km from the source?
At what rate did energy pass through an area of 3.0 m2m2 at 2.0 km?
If an earthquake measures 7.9 on the Richter Scale, what is the intensity of this earthquake, relative to a 0-level earthquake? Round off your answer to the nearest integer.
Chapter 19 Solutions
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Ch. 19 - 1. The premise that the present is the key to...Ch. 19 - 2. The concept of uniformitarianism is that rocks...Ch. 19 - 3. A force that compresses, pulls apart, or...Ch. 19 - 4. Rock stress caused by two plates moving...Ch. 19 - 5. Adjustment to stress is defined as
a....Ch. 19 - 6. Rocks at great depths are under
a. lower...Ch. 19 - 7. A bend in layered bedrock that resulted from...Ch. 19 - 8. Folds that resemble an arch are called
a....Ch. 19 - 9. A fold that forms a trough is called a (an)
a....Ch. 19 - 10. Movement between rocks on one side of a...
Ch. 19 - 11. The actual place where seismic waves originate...Ch. 19 - 12. The point on Earth's surface directly above...Ch. 19 - 13. An earthquake that occurs in the upper part of...Ch. 19 - 14. The majority of earthquakes (85 percent)...Ch. 19 - 15. The size of an earthquake is measured by
a....Ch. 19 - 16. The energy of the vibrations or the magnitude...Ch. 19 - 17. Earthquakes are detected and measured by
a. a...Ch. 19 - 18. Elevated parts of Earth’s crust that rise...Ch. 19 - 19. Which of the following is not a classification...Ch. 19 - 20. Mountains that rise sharply from surrounding...Ch. 19 - 21. A large amount of magma that has crystallized...Ch. 19 - 22. The most abundant extrusive rock is
a....Ch. 19 - 23. The basic difference between the frame of...Ch. 19 - 24. The difference between elastic deformation and...Ch. 19 - 25. Whether a rock layer subjected to stress...Ch. 19 - 26. When subjected to stress, rocks buried at...Ch. 19 - 27. A sedimentary rock layer that has not been...Ch. 19 - 28. The difference between a joint and a fault is...Ch. 19 - 29. A fault where the footwall has moved upward...Ch. 19 - 30. Reverse faulting probably resulted from which...Ch. 19 - 31. Earthquakes that occur at the boundary between...Ch. 19 - 32. Each higher number of the Richter scale
a....Ch. 19 - 33. The removal of “older” crust from the surface...Ch. 19 - 34. Hutton observed that rocks, rock structures,...Ch. 19 - 35. The principle of uniformity has a basic frame...Ch. 19 - 36. What is not considered a type of strain?
a....Ch. 19 - 37. How a rock responds to stress and strain does...Ch. 19 - 38. Which rock is more likely to break under...Ch. 19 - 39. Rocks near or on the surface
a. are not cooler...Ch. 19 - 40. Rocks recover their original shape after...Ch. 19 - 41. Which is not a type of fault?
a. Normal
b....Ch. 19 - 42. Where do most earthquakes occur?
a. Along...Ch. 19 - 43. The name of the fault that is of concern to...Ch. 19 - 44. P-waves travel ____ S-waves.
a. faster than
b....Ch. 19 - Prob. 45ACCh. 19 - 46. An earthquake is
a. the result of the sudden...Ch. 19 - 47. The Black Hills in South Dakota and the...Ch. 19 - 48. The Appalachian Mountains were formed when
a....Ch. 19 - 49. Mountains that were formed as a result of...Ch. 19 - 50. The source of magma for the Mount St. Helens...Ch. 19 - 1. What is the principle of uniformity? What are...Ch. 19 - 2. Describe the responses of rock layers to...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3QFTCh. 19 - 4. What does the presence of folded sedimentary...Ch. 19 - 5. Describe the conditions that would lead to...Ch. 19 - 6. How would plate tectonics explain the...Ch. 19 - 7. What is an earthquake? What produces an...Ch. 19 - 8. Where would the theory of plate tectonics...Ch. 19 - 9. Describe how the location of an earthquake is...Ch. 19 - 10. Briefly explain how and where folded mountains...Ch. 19 - 11. The magnitude of an earthquake is measured on...Ch. 19 - 12. Identify three areas of probable volcanic...Ch. 19 - Prob. 13QFTCh. 19 - 14. Describe any possible relationships between...Ch. 19 - 15. What is the source of magma that forms...Ch. 19 - 16. Describe how the nature of the lava produced...Ch. 19 - 17. What are mountains? Why do they tend to form...Ch. 19 - 1. Evaluate the statement “the present is the key...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2FFACh. 19 - 3. What are the significant similarities and...Ch. 19 - 4. Explain the combination of variables that...Ch. 19 - 1. The rocks in a syncline have been folded into a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2PEBCh. 19 - Prob. 3PEBCh. 19 - 4. The hanging wall of a fault has been displaced...Ch. 19 - Prob. 5PEBCh. 19 - Prob. 6PEBCh. 19 - Prob. 7PEBCh. 19 - 8. Compare the ground motion (surface wave...Ch. 19 - Prob. 9PEBCh. 19 - 10. How long would it take, in minutes, for a...Ch. 19 - 11. How high is a cinder cone volcano with a slope...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12PEBCh. 19 - Prob. 13PEBCh. 19 - Prob. 14PEBCh. 19 - Prob. 15PEB
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- If you wanted to live where the chances of a destructive earthquake were small, would you pick a location near a fault zone, near a mid ocean ridge, near a subduction zone, or on a volcanic island such as Hawaii? What are the relative risks of earthquakes at each of these locations?arrow_forwardDistinguish among a normal fault, a reverse fault, and a transform fault.arrow_forwardHow are earthquakes in Hawaii different from those in Southern California?arrow_forward
- The intensity of an earthquake wave passing through the Earth is measured to be 2.0×106 J/(m2⋅s)J/(m2⋅s) at a distance of 58 kmkm from the sourceAt what rate did energy pass through an area of 5.0 m2m2 at 2.0 kmkm ?arrow_forwardIf the magnitude of an earthquake is 0.5 greater than that of another, how much greater is the amount of energy it releases?arrow_forwardWhat is the measurement of an earthquake releasing 3.2 x 10^10 joules of energy on the Richter scale?arrow_forward
- The Richter Scale is used for measuring the magnitude of earthquakes. the magnitude of an earthquake is, by deifnition, measured 100 kilometers from its originating point, and is given by the equation M = log(s/10^-4), where S is the "strength" of the earthquake, as determined by the shockwaves it sends through the ground. Earthquake strengths vary greatly from 0 in some cases to 800,000,000 or more in other cases which is why a logarithmic scale is used to measure their magnitudes. Part A One of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded had a magnitude of 8.9 on the Richter Scale. i) Determine the strength of this earthquake. ii) What would be the magnitude of an earthquake four times weaker than this one? iii) How many times stronger was this earthquake than the magnitude 2 earthquake that stuck central New Jersey in 2012? Part B Suppose a given earthquake is twice as strong as another earthquake. Determine the difference in magnitude of these earthquakes. Part C The largest…arrow_forwardThe Richter Scale is used for measuring the magnitude of earthquakes. the magnitude of an earthquake is, by deifnition, measured 100 kilometers from its originating point, and is given by the equation M = log(s/10^-4), where S is the "strength" of the earthquake, as determined by the shockwaves it sends through the ground. Earthquake strengths vary greatly from 0 in some cases to 800,000,000 or more in other cases which is why a logarithmic scale is used to measure their magnitudes. (I already know Part A) Part B Suppose a given earthquake is twice as strong as another earthquake. Determine the difference in magnitude of these earthquakes. Part C The largest manmade explosion was the test detonation of the Tsar Bomba hydrogen bomb. It was equivalent to about 50 million tons of TNT. It was similar in intensity to a magnitude 8.5 earthquake. The stronger earthquake ever recorded was the 1960 Valdivia earthquake than the Tsar Bomba? How much TNT was the earthquake equivalent to? Show…arrow_forwardIf the time interval between the arrival of P and S is 10 seconds, how far away did the earthquake originate? Assume an average velocity of P of 6km/s and for S of 4km/s.arrow_forward
- How far from a seismic station did an earthquake occur if S-waves arrived there 7 minutes after P-waves. (You may assume that P- and S-waves travel at speeds of 5 km/s and 3 km/s, respectively).arrow_forwardA Richter 9.0 earthquake releases energy equivalent to about 500 megatons of TNT. The Hiroshima atomic bomb released the equivalent of 13 kilotons. How many Hiroshima bombs equals a 9.0 earthquake.arrow_forwardAn earthquake of magnitude 6 on Richter scale has ______________ times more destructive energy than an earthquake of magnitude 4. A) ten B) hundred C) five D) thousandarrow_forward
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