SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Female luna moths (Actias luna) attract males by emitting chemical signals that spread through the air. A male hundreds of meters away can detect these molecules and fly toward their source. The sensory organs responsible for this behavior are the comblike antennae visible in the photograph shown here. Each filament of an antenna isequipped with thousands of receptor cells that detect the sex attractant. Based on what you learned in this chapter, propose a hypothesis to account for the ability of the male moth to detect a specific molecule in the presence of many other molecules in the air. What predictions does your hypothesis make? Design an experiment to test one of these predictions.
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- Identify which of the following statements is a lie? Select one: a. Yeasts use paracrine signaling to communicate information on mating with other yeast cells. b. Yeasts are single-celled eukaryotes; therefore, they have a nucleus and organelles characteristic of more complex life forms. c. Yeast can reproduce sexually through a signaling pathway known as the mating factor pathway.arrow_forwardHoney bees are visiting two food sites, A and B, at 6 AM in the morning, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Bees at site A are collecting pollen; those at site B are collecting nectar. When bees from site A return to the nest, they must find a cell in the wax combs and store the pollen (Fig. 3). Bees from site B pass their nectar to young Receiver Bees when they return to the nest (Fig. 4). 13. True or False: Compared to the young receiver bee in Fig. 4, the foragers has lower per gene activity, levels of PER protein that are 3 times less, and has greater development of the hypopharengeal glands and mandibular glands. 14. True or False: The bees in Fig. 4 are engaged in an exchange of liquid food through a process called proctodeal feeding. 15. True or False: During the food exchange shown in Fig. 4, the older forager is passing a pheromone to the younger bee called isopentyl acetate, which upregulates genes associated with nursing behavior and downregulates genes associated with…arrow_forwardHoney bees are visiting two food sites, A and B, at 6 AM in the morning, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Bees at site A are collecting pollen; those at site B are collecting nectar. When bees from site A return to the nest, they must find a cell in the wax combs and store the pollen (Fig. 3). Bees from site B pass their nectar to young Receiver Bees when they return to the nest (Fig. 4). 19. True or False: If a sudden storm kills many of the foragers while out in the field, the interactions shown in Fig. 4 will be reduced, which will cause the JH titers of some younger bees to decrease so that they remain nurse bees longer to raise replacement foragers. 20. True or False: In honey bee workers, the per gene and the Am-for gene become active gradually as a bee ages, such that younger bees that remain inside the nest are arrhythmic in their behavior and have lower levels of PKG compared to older foragers.arrow_forward
- Honey bees are visiting two food sites, A and B, at 6 AM in the morning, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Bees at site A are collecting pollen; those at site B are collecting nectar. When bees from site A return to the nest, they must find a cell in the wax combs and store the pollen (Fig. 3). Bees from site B pass their nectar to young Receiver Bees when they return to the nest (Fig. 4). 1. True or False: At 6 AM, foragers for site A would orient their waggle runs 40 degrees to the left of vertical on the combs. 2. Ture or False: At 6 AM, foragers for site B would orient their waggle runs 105 degrees to the right of vertical. 3. True or Flase: If foragers are still visiting site A at 10 AM, their waggle runs would be oriented 100 degrees to the left of vertical.arrow_forwardHoney bees are visiting two food sites, A and B, at 6 AM in the morning, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Bees at site A are collecting pollen; those at site B are collecting nectar. When bees from site A return to the nest, they must find a cell in the wax combs and store the pollen (Fig. 3). Bees from site B pass their nectar to young Receiver Bees when they return to the nest (Fig. 4). 7. True or False: Foragers for both sites A and B learn floral color during the 2-3 seconds before they land on the flower, they learn floral order while on the flower, and they learn landmarks while hovering above the flower before flying back to the nest. 8. True or Flase: Site B is closer to the nest than Site A and thus the bees visiting site B are the foragers expressing the forS allele, whereas those visiting site A are the foragers expressing the forR allele. 9. True or False: The duration of the waggle runs for site B will always be longer than those for site A, regardless of the time of…arrow_forwardHoney bees are visiting two food sites, A and B, at 6 AM in the morning, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Bees at site A are collecting pollen; those at site B are collecting nectar. When bees from site A return to the nest, they must find a cell in the wax combs and store the pollen (Fig. 3). Bees from site B pass their nectar to young Receiver Bees when they return to the nest (Fig. 4). 10. True or False: In Fig. 4 the forager that has returned from the field is expressing the forR allele, whereas the younger bee receiving the nectar remains inside the nest and is expressing the forS allele. 11. True or False: In Fig. 4 the forager is expressing the BB genotype at the Gp9 locus, whereas the younger bee inside the nest is expressing the Bb genotype.12. True or False: Compared to the forager in Fig. 4, the younger receiver bee has 2-4 times less activity of the Am-for gene, lower levels of PKG and shows less positive phototaxis.arrow_forward
- Honey bees are visiting two food sites, A and B, at 6 AM in the morning, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Bees at site A are collecting pollen; those at site B are collecting nectar. When bees from site A return to the nest, they must find a cell in the wax combs and store the pollen (Fig. 3). Bees from site B pass their nectar to young Receiver Bees when they return to the nest (Fig. 4). 4. True or False: If foragers are still visiting site B at 10 AM, their waggle runs would be oriented 125 degrees to the right of vertical. 5. True or False: The ability of the foragers to track the passage of time and compensate for the movement of the sun is based on the biological clock located in the deuterocerebrum and involves a 24-hr period of cycling of the genes fem and am-dsx. 6. True or False: The pollen unloading behavior shown in Fig. 3 is a type of associative learning that involves conditioning of the proboscis extension reflex.arrow_forwardHoney bees are visiting two food sites, A and B, at 6 AM in the morning, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Bees at site A are collecting pollen; those at site B are collecting nectar. When bees from site A return to the nest, they must find a cell in the wax combs and store the pollen (Fig. 3). Bees from site B pass their nectar to young Receiver Bees when they return to the nest (Fig. 4). 16. True or False: In Fig. 4, the forager is passing a pheromone to the young receiver bee that slows the rate of JH increase resulting in the normal progression through the age-based division of labor. 17. True or False: If young bees are prevented from interacting with older bees as shown in Fig. 4, they will have reduced exposure to ethyl oleate, which will result in the upregulation of genes such as Am-for and per, their PKG and PER levels will increase, and they will become precocious foragers. 18. True or False: In Fig. 3, if a pollen forager accidentally loses her pollen pellets, she will…arrow_forwardWhich of the curves shown in the figure best represents the developmental potential of cells as they progress through development? Briefly justify your answer.arrow_forward
- How could telemedicine be a part of PHM model?arrow_forwardBiology Cell adhesion can often be blocked in vitro by treating cells with specific agents. Which of the enzymes (out of Trypsin; neuraminidase; collagenase; hyaluronidase) would be expected to interfere with cell adhesion mediated by: a. selectins? b. with cell adhesion mediated by L1 molecules? Also explain the underlying mechanism of this interferencearrow_forwardAn enzyme-linked receptor (a) is a cytoplasmic protein (b) would not be found on plant cell surfaces (c) forms a dimer with another enzyme-linked receptor when a ligand binds to it (d) is typically an adenylyl cyclase molecule(e) typically activates ion channelsarrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning