The market system and command economy that cope with economic scarcity.
Explanation of Solution
The market system is a system, which allows private ownership of the capital and its resources. The owners of the resources and the capital decide the economic scarcity questions such as what to produce, how to produce and to whom to produce. The economic activity in the market system works on the basis of market prices, which are decided by the interaction of the demand and supply in the market. The main objective of the market economy is profit maximization. The self interest based on the profit decides the level of output which is produced and the level of resources which is supplied in the economy.
The command economy is a system in which, there is only public ownership. The resources are owned and operated by the public authority and basically government. There is no profit motive in the economy. The decisions such as what to produce and how to produce etc are taken on the basis of priorities that are given by the government authorized planning commission. The decision for allocating capital, labor and other such decisions are taken based on the priorities of the board.
Concept introduction:
Market System: The market system is a system in which, the economy is operated by the private owners of a capital and the economic decisions are taken by the capital owners.
Command Economy: The command economy is a system in which, the economy is controlled by public planning and there is public ownership in the economy.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 2 Solutions
Gen Combo Microeconomics; Connect Access Card
- Suppose that three volunteers are preparingcookies and cupcakes for a bake sale. Diana canmake 27 cookies or 18 cupcakes per hour; Andycan make 25 cookies or 17 cupcakes; and Sam canmake 10 cookies or 12 cupcakes. [ LO 2.2]a. Who has the absolute advantage at makingcookies?b. At making cupcakes?arrow_forwardThe accompanying tables give production possibilities data for Gamma and Sigma. All data are in tons. Gamma's production possibilities A B C D E Tea 120 90 60 30 0 Pots 0 30 60 90 120 Sigma's production possibilities A B C D E Tea 40 30 20 10 0 Pots 0 30 60 90 120 What are the limits of the terms of trade between Gamma and Sigma? Multiple Choice 1 tea = 2 pots to 1 tea = 6 pots 1 tea = 3 pots to 1 tea = 6 pots 1 tea = 2 pots to 1 tea = 3.5 pots 1 tea = 1 pot to 1 tea = 3 potsarrow_forwardNewfoundland’s fishing industry has recently declined sharply due to overfish- ing, even though fishing companies were supposedly bound by a quota agree- ment. If all fishermen had abided by the agreement, yields could have been maintained at high levels. LO4 Model this situation as a prisoner’s dilemma in which the players are Company A and Company B and the strategies are to keep the quota and break the quota. Include appropriate payoffs in the matrix. Explain why overfishing is inevitable in the absence of effective enforcement of the quota agreement. Provide another environmental example of a prisoner’s dilemma. In many potential prisoner’s dilemmas, a way out of the dilemma for a would-be cooperator is to make reliable character judgments about the trustworthiness of potential partners. Explain why this solution is not avail- able in many situations involving degradation of the environment.arrow_forward
- 2. Compare and Contrast. Identify two modes of doing the same thing where one involves a more technologically advanced method. Example would be snail mail vs. e-mail. List down as many examples. Brainstorm with a partner if a less technologically sophisticated mechanism can actually turn out to be better in terms of reaching for the good life. Is the more technologically advanced always better?arrow_forwardWith current technology, suppose a fifirm is producing 400 loaves of banana bread daily. Also assume that the least-cost combination of resources in producing those loaves is 5 units of labor, 7 units of land, 2 units of capital, and 1 unit of entrepreneurial ability, selling at prices of $40, $60, $60, and $20, respectively. If the fifirm can sell these 400 loaves at $2 per unit, will it continue to produce banana bread? If this fifirm’s situation is typical for the other makers of banana bread, will resources flow to or away from this bakery good?arrow_forwardYour friend Sam has been asked to prepare appetizers for the university reception. She has anunlimited amount of ingredients and 6 hours inwhich to prepare them. Sam can make 300 minisandwiches or 150 servings of melon slices toppedwith smoked salmon and a dab of sauce per hour.[LO 2.1]a. What is Sam’s opportunity cost of makingone mini-sandwich?b. What is Sam’s opportunity cost of baking onemelon appetizer?c. Suppose the reception has been postponed,and Sam has an extra 4 hours to prepare.What is the opportunity cost of making onemini-sandwich now?d. Suppose the reception has been postponed,and Sam has an extra 4 hours to prepare.What is the opportunity cost of making onemelon appetizer now?e. Suppose Sam’s friend Chris helpsby preparing the melon slices, increasingSam’s productivity to 300 mini-sandwichesor 300 melon appetizers per hour. What isthe opportunity cost of making one minisandwich now?f. Suppose Sam’s friend Chris helps by preparing the melon slices, increasing…arrow_forward
- 3. Consider a Factory town model. Draw a market area graph for a single factory (hint: similar to figure 2-1) with a shirt cost at the factory of 0.5 bread and a shirt cost at home of 1 bread. Now, suppose that gluten-addicted aliens have invaded our factory town, and with a small probability, will abduct people walking to the factory and steal half of their bread. This makes traveling to the factory more costly on average. What will this do to the overall size of the factory town? Copy your graph from before, but this time add the change to the graph.arrow_forward11.Explain how (if at all) each of the following events affects the location of a country’s production possibilities curve: LO5 a.The quality of education increases. b.The number of unemployed workers increases. c.A new technique improves the efficiency of extracting copper from ore. d.A devastating earthquake destroys numerous production facilities.arrow_forward4. a. Suppose that you are on a deserted island and can produce either 32 tons of coconuts OR 16 tons of pineapples. Draw the PPF representing this situation. Assume that coconuts are on the x-axis. Also assume that the PPF is linear. Clearly label your graph. b. For each of the following combinations say whether they are attainable (feasible) or unattainable (infeasible), based on the above information. If they are feasible, say whether they are efficient or inefficient. Also, label the three points on the graph above. (i) 8 tons of coconuts and 12 tons of pineapples: (ii) 16 tons of coconuts and 3 tons of pineapples:arrow_forward
- Think about how and why goods and resourcesare scarce. Goods and resources can be scarcefor reasons that are inherent to their nature at alltimes, temporary or seasonal, or that are artificially created. Separate the goods listed below into two groups; indicate which (if any) are artificiallyscarce (AS), and which (if any) are inherentlyscarce (IS). [LO 1.1]a. air of any qualityb. landc. patented goodsd. original Picasso paintingsarrow_forwardAbdul’s utility function is given by U A 5 M A 2 y M B , where M A is Abdul’s wealth level and M B is Benjamin’s wealth level. Benjamin’s utility function is given by (LO1) U B 5 M B 2 y M A . Suppose M A 5 M B 5 10 initially, and suppose there is a joint project that Ab dul and Benjamin can undertake that will generate an additional 10 units of wealth to divide between them. The project is neither pleasant nor unpleasant. What is the minimum payment Abdul must be given to secure his agreement to perform the project? What is the minimum payment Benjamin must be given? Will they perform the project? (LO1)arrow_forwardSuppose you have two job offers and are considering the trade-offs between them. Job A pays$45,000 per year and includes health insurance andtwo weeks of paid vacation. Job B pays $30,000 peryear and includes four weeks of paid vacation butno health insurance. [LO 1.2]a. List the benefits of Job A and the benefits ofJob B.b. List the opportunity cost of Job A and theopportunity cost of Job Barrow_forward