PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS(LOOSELEAF)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781260110920
Author: Frank
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 2, Problem 2P
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Currently Bob is producing 8 apples and 9 peppers, while John is producing 3 apples and 3 peppers. If they instead specialized based on comparative advantage, the total number of peppers and apples would change by how much?
Suppose that in the country of England, two goods can be produced on available agricultural land: wine and wool. Suppose that the opportunity costs of production are constant, so that the PPF is a straight line. Further, when all resources are devoted to wine production, England can produce 200 (thousand) barrels. When all resources are devoted to wool production, England can produce 400 (thousand) bushels of wool.
What are the opportunity costs in England of producing a barrel of wine?
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The PPC above shows production possibilities for a country that can produce a maximum of 50 chickens or 90 pigs in a year. If the country wanted to produce the last chicken, the opportunity cost of producing the final chicken is ___ pigs.
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PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS(LOOSELEAF)
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- Q1. Assume that a country produces two goods, agriculture (which requires land and labor) and manufactured goods (which requires labor and capital), and is currently in autarky equilibrium. The country just finds that the international price ratio of agriculture relative to manufactured goods, i.e., PA/PM, in the world market is higher than the price ratio in its domestic market. Should this country trade? If so, which product should it export? Will it gain from trade? Illustrate your answer graphically using production-possibilities frontier (PPF) and indifference curves. In the same graph, identify the trade triangle, including export and import quantities. How will the size of the trade triangle, i.e., the levels of export and import quantities, in the above question change when PA falls in the world market? Illustrate your answer graphically. How will the nominal wage rate in this country be affected by trade? What about real wages? Illustrate your answer graphically. Your…arrow_forwardAccording to the principle of comparative advantage, - countries should specialize in the production of goods for which they use more resources than their trading partners - countries with a comparative advantage in the production of every good need not specialize - countries should specialize in the production of goods for which they have a lower opportunity cost of production than their trading partners - countries should specialize in the production of goods for which they use fewer resources than their trading partnersarrow_forwardSuppose that in the country of England, two goods can be produced on available agricultural land: wine and wool. Suppose that the opportunity costs of production are constant, so that the PPF is a straight line. Further, when all resources are devoted to wine production, England can produce 200 (thousand) barrels. When all resources are devoted to wool production, England can produce 400 (thousand) bushels of wool.What are the opportunity costs in England of producing a bushel of wool?arrow_forward
- If nick and Jesse specialize according to comparative advantage and produce efficiently they can produce a combine total of?Notes: Nick gives up 6 hats to make 3 shirts. Jesse gives up 4 hats to make 8 shirts.Answers are: 10 hats and 11 shirts. 6 hats and 8 shirts. 5 hats and 5.5 shirts. And 4 hats and 3 shirtsarrow_forwardQ32 Consider the Production Possibility Frontiers of two countries, Australia and Brazil. Assume both have linear PPFs and the two countries both produce the same two goods: fruits and grain. Given its resources, Australia can produce either 2 units of grain per day or 1 unit of fruits; Brazil can produce either 5 units of grain or 4 units of fruits. (You may, for your own use, find it helpful to draw the Production Possibilities Frontiers for each country, though these won't be included in the answers you provide in you online responses.) a. If there were no trade, what would be the local price of fruits in each country, measured in units of grain? b. If trade is allowed, which country will export fruits and which country will export grain (if any)? c. What are the gains from trading a unit of fruit if the international price of fruit is equal to the average of the local prices in the two countries? d. How are the gains from trade distributed? Comment on why the benefits…arrow_forwardSuppose the economy initially produces 15,000 gallons of drinking water and 400,000 tons of steel, which is represented by point A. The opportunity cost of producing an additional 5,000 gallons of drinking water (that is, moving production to point B ) is tons of steel. Suppose, instead, that the economy currently produces 336,000 tons of steel and 20,000 gallons of drinking water, which is represented by point B. Now the opportunity cost of producing an additional 5,000 gallons of drinking water (that is, moving to point C ) is tons of steel. Comparing your answers in the two previous paragraphs, you can see that the opportunity cost of 5,000 additional gallons of drinking water at point B is the opportunityarrow_forward
- part C and D needed only Consider the Production Possibility Frontiers of two countries, Australia and Brazil. Assume both have linear PPFs and the two countries both produce the same two goods: fruits and grain. Given its resources, Australia can produce either 2 units of grain per day or 1 unit of fruits; Brazil can produce either 5 units of grain or 4 units of fruits. (You may, for your own use, find it helpful to draw the Production Possibilities Frontiers for each country, though these won't be included in the answers you provide in you online responses.) a. If there were no trade, what would be the local price of fruits in each country, measured in units of grain? b. If trade is allowed, which country will export fruits and which country will export grain (if any)? c. What are the gains from trading a unit of fruit if the international price of fruit is equal to the average of the local prices in the two countries? d. How are the gains from trade distributed? Comment…arrow_forwardAn economy is said to have a comparative advantage in the production of a good if it can: produce that good with more resources than another economy. produce that good with a higher opportunity cost than another economy. produce that good outside its production possibilities curve. produce the good at a lower opportunity cost than another economy.arrow_forwardPut ECG Machines on the vertical axis and Defibrillators on the horizontal axis. Draw the production possibilities curve for Plant R. On a separate graph, draw the production possibilities curve for Plant S. Which plant has a comparative advantage in ECG Machines? In Defibrillators? Now draw the combined curves for the two plants. Suppose the firm decides to produce 100 Defibrillators. Where will it produce them? How many ECG Machines will it be able to produce? Where will it produce the ECG Machines?arrow_forward
- ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE & COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE Q.6. An average worker in brazil can produce an ounce of soybeans in 20 minutes and an ounce of coffee in 60 minutes, whilst an average worker in Peru can produce an ounce of soybeans in 50 minutes and an ounce of coffee in 75 minutes. Who has the absolute advantage in coffee? Explain II. Who has the comparative advantage in coffee? Explain III. If the two countries specialize and trade with each other, who will import coffee? Explainarrow_forwardIf country A uses all of its resources efficiently, it can produce a maximum of 100 units of good X. If country A uses all of its resources efficiently, it can produce a maximum of 150 units of good Y. If country B uses all of its resources efficiently, it can produce a maximum of 75 units of good X. If country B uses all of its resources efficiently, it can produce a maximum of 125 units of good Y. Both countries have (linear) straight line PPFs. Which of the following must be true? (check all that apply) A and B have the same access to resources A has the absolute advantage in producing Y A has the absolute advantage in producing X B has the comparative advantage in producing Yarrow_forwardIf country A uses all of its resources efficiently, it can produce a maximum of 100 units of good X. If country A uses all of its resources efficiently, it can produce a maximum of 150 units of good Y. If country B uses all of its resources efficiently, it can produce a maximum of 75 units of good X. If country B uses all of its resources efficiently, it can produce a maximum of 125 units of good Y. Both countries have (linear) straight line PPFs. Which of the following must be true? check all that apply A and B have the same access to resources (inputs) A can produce more X than B with the same resources A can produce more Y than B could with the same resources B can produce Y at a lower opportunity cost than Aarrow_forward
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