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A glider on an air track carries a flag of length ℓ through a stationary photogate, which measures the time interval Δtd during which the flag blocks a beam of infrared light passing across the photogate. The ratio vd = ℓ/Δtd is the average velocity of the glider over this part of its motion. Suppose the glider moves with constant acceleration, (a) Is vd necessarily equal to the instantaneous velocity of the glider when it is halfway through the photogate in space? Explain. (b) Is vd equal to the instantaneous velocity of the glider when it is halfway through the photogate in time? Explain.
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Bundle: College Physics, Loose-Leaf Version, 10th, + WebAssign Printed Access Card for Serway/Vuille's College Physics, 10th Edition, Multi-Term
- A particle moving along a straight line decelerates according to a = -kv, where k is a constant and v is velocity. If it's initial velocity at time t = 0 is vo=4m/s and its velocity at time t = 2s is v = 1m/s, determine the time t and corresponding distance s for the particle speed to be reduced to one tenth of its initial valuearrow_forwardNow let’s apply our definition of average velocity to a swimming competition. During one heat of a swim meet, a swimmer performs the crawl stroke in a pool 50.0 mm long, as shown in (Figure 1). She swims a length at racing speed, taking 24.0 ss to cover the length of the pool. She then takes twice that time to swim casually back to her starting point. Find (a) her average velocity for each length and (b) her average velocity for the entire swim. c) If the swimmer could cross a 15 kmkm channel maintaining the same average velocity as for the first 50 mm in the pool, how long would it take?arrow_forwardWhich one of the following situations is possible at a given time t? (A) An object has an instantaneous velocity with a magnitude greater than 0 m/s and an acceleration of 0 m/s^2. B An object has an instantaneous velocity of 0 m/s and an acceleration of 0 m/s^2. (c) An object has an instantaneous velocity of 0 m/s and an acceleration with a magnitude greater than 0 m/s^2. D Choices a, b, and c are all possible situations.arrow_forward
- V, is the velocity of a particle moving along the x axis as shown. (a) If x = -2.0 m at 1 = 0.0 s, what are the positions of the particle at 1 = 1.0 s and 6.0 s? (b) What is the average velocity of the particle during the time interval t=0.0 s to t= 6.0 s? (c) What is the average acceleration of the particle during the time interval t=0.0 s to t= 6.0 s? (d) What are the acceleration of the particle at i = 1.0 s, 3.0 s and 6.0 s?arrow_forwardA student runs for 20 s along a straight line, with a velocity v [m / s] given by: (photo) a) Describe its motion. b) At what time (s) does it have zero velocity? c) What is its average acceleration? A student runs for 20 s along a straight line, with a velocity v [m / s] given by: (photo) a) Describe its motion. b) At what time (s) does it have zero velocity? c) What is its average acceleration? d) What is its instantaneous acceleration at 5, 12 and 18 s? e) At what time (s) does it have maximum speed?arrow_forwardA particle moving in 1D has time-dependent velocity which is given by the quadratic function v(t) = At2 + Bt + C, where A = 4.5 m/s3, B = 3.6 m/s2, and C = −1.7 m/s. a) Find the average acceleration of the particle between t = 0 s and 2.5 s. b) Find the average acceleration of the particle between t = 2.5 s and 5.0 s. c) At what time(s) is the particle at rest?arrow_forward
- A rocket is fired vertically upward with an initial velocity of 80 m/s at the ground level. Its engine then fires and it accelerated at 4m/s2 until it reaches an altitude of 1200m. At that point, the engine fail and the rocket goes into free fall. Disregard air resistance. How long was the rocket above the ground?arrow_forwardA particle leaves the origin going 1.7 m/s in the +x direction. At all times it experiences a constant acceleration of 5.34 m/s2 in the -x direction. What will be the particle's speed when it returns to the origin?arrow_forwardA particle moves along the x axis. It is initially at the position 0.290 m, moving with velocity 0.210 m/s and acceleration -0.290 m/s2. Suppose it moves with constant acceleration for 4.40 s. (a) Find the position of the particle after this time. (b) Find its velocity at the end of this time interval. m/s We take the same particle and give it the same initial conditions as before. Instead of having a constant acceleration, it oscillates in simple harmonic motion for 4.40 s around the equilibrium position x = 0. Hint: the following problems are very sensitive to rounding, and you should keep all digits in your calculator. (c) Find the angular frequency of the oscillation. Hint: in SHM, a is proportional to x. /s (d) Find the amplitude of the oscillation. Hint: use conservation of energy. (e) Find its phase constant Po if cosine is used for the equation of motion. Hint: when taking the inverse of a trig function, there are always two angles but your calculator will tell you only one and…arrow_forward
- A particle moves along the x axis. It is initially at the position 0.250 m, moving with velocity 0.090 m/s and acceleration -0.430 m/s2. Suppose it moves with constant acceleration for 5.80 s. (a) Find the position of the particle after this time. (b) Find its velocity at the end of this time interval. m/s We take the same particle and give it the same initial conditions as before. Instead of having a constant acceleration, it oscillates in simple harmonic motion for 5.80 s around the equilibrium position x = 0. Hint: the following problems are very sensitive to rounding, and you should keep all digits in your calculator. (c) Find the angular frequency of the oscillation. Hint: in SHM, a is proportional to x. /s (d) Find the amplitude of the oscillation. Hint: use conservation of energy. (e) Find its phase constant e, if cosine is used for the equation of motion. Hint: when taking the inverse of a trig function, there are always two angles but your calculator will tell you only one and…arrow_forwardAn object moves in one dimensional motion with constant acceleration a = 4.5 m/s². At time t = 0 s, the object is at xo = 2.9 m and has an initial velocity of vo = 4 m/s. How far will the object move before it achieves a velocity of v = 7 m/s? Your answer should be accurate to the nearest 0.1 m.arrow_forwardDr. John Paul Stapp was a U.S. Air Force officer who studied the effects of extreme deceleration on the human body. On December 10, 1954, Stapp rode a rocket sled, accelerating from rest to a top speed of 282 m/s (1015 km/h) in 5.00 s, and was brought jarringly back to rest in only 1.40 s!Calculate the magnitude of his average acceleration during the first part of his motion. Express your answer in multiples of g by taking its ratio to 9.80 m/s2. calculate the magnitude his average deceleration during the second part of his motion. Express your answer in multiples of g by taking its ratio to 9.80 m/s2.arrow_forward
- College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781305952300Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage LearningUniversity Physics (14th Edition)PhysicsISBN:9780133969290Author:Hugh D. Young, Roger A. FreedmanPublisher:PEARSONIntroduction To Quantum MechanicsPhysicsISBN:9781107189638Author:Griffiths, David J., Schroeter, Darrell F.Publisher:Cambridge University Press
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