Chapter 20, Problem 11IMT

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Whether the porcupine’s sharp quills and the hard shells provide defenses against predators or not.

Introduction:

Porcupines are mammals that belong to the order Rodentia. Members of the rodentia are distinguished by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. Porcupines come in third largest place of the rodents. Most of the porcupines are about $\text{60-90}$ cm long having a tail of about $\text{20-25}$ cm long.

Clams are member of invertebrates which belongs to the class bivalve mollusks. Shell of clam contain two valves, these valves are connected by a hinge joint and a ligament that may be external or internal.