Concept explainers
(a)
To identify: The genes expressed in a specific type of brain cell.
Introduction:
A particular gene can be identified through its expression in a particular cell and its interaction with other genes. To study the gene expression, specific mRNAs corresponding to a gene of interest are to be identified and reverse transcribed to form cDNA. This sequence can be identified through RT-PCR, DNA microarray analysis, and RNA sequencing. To study a particular protein, multiple copies of the gene fragment encoding that protein are synthesized through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These gene fragments are then inserted into the expression vector to synthesize a large quantity of proteins encoded by the gene in a process known as gene cloning.
(b)
To isolate: The neurotransmitter gene expressed in brain cells.
Introduction:
A particular gene can be identified through its expression in a particular cell and its interaction with other genes. To study the gene expression, specific mRNAs corresponding to a gene of interest are to be identified and reverse transcribed to form cDNA. This sequence can be identified through RT-PCR, DNA microarray analysis, and RNA sequencing. To study a particular protein, multiple copies of the gene fragment encoding that protein are synthesized through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These gene fragments are then inserted into the expression vector to synthesize a large quantity of proteins encoded by the gene in a process known as gene cloning.
(c)
To produce: Multiple copies of the gene encoding for neurotransmitter protein.
Introduction:
A particular gene can be identified through its expression in a particular cell and its interaction with other genes. To study the gene expression, specific mRNAs corresponding to a gene of interest are to be identified and reverse transcribed to form cDNA. This sequence can be identified through RT-PCR, DNA microarray analysis, and RNA sequencing. To study a particular protein, multiple copies of the gene fragment encoding that protein are synthesized through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These gene fragments are then inserted into the expression vector to synthesize a large quantity of proteins encoded by the gene in a process known as gene cloning.
(d)
To produce: Large quantities of the neurotransmitter.
Introduction:
A particular gene can be identified through its expression in a particular cell and its interaction with other genes. To study the gene expression, specific mRNAs corresponding to a gene of interest are to be identified and reverse transcribed to form cDNA. This sequence can be identified through RT-PCR, DNA microarray analysis, and RNA sequencing. To study a particular protein, multiple copies of the gene fragment encoding that protein are synthesized through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These gene fragments are then inserted into the expression vector to synthesize a large quantity of proteins encoded by the gene in a process known as gene cloning.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 20 Solutions
EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY
- Biology Compare and contrast the four different types of integral membrane proteins and how they are inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Don't forget to include: I. A discussion on where the amino and carboxy termini are located II. The signal sequences and machinery used to translocate the protein. III. the number of transmembrane spanning regions present and what they correspond to in the primary amino acid sequence.arrow_forwardStem cells: How do you think stem cells could be used to treat diseases?arrow_forwardStem cell What is the debate about between President Bush and President Obama?arrow_forward
- . Study the figure below and then answer the related questions. It illustrates round worm C. elegans’s collagen gene structure and expression. In which region would RNA polymerase bind in this structure? Which RNA polymerase is implicated in this case? Count the amino acids and calculate the approximate protein molecular weight in Dalton. A mutation occurred (AGA à TGA) in the last codon of exon 2. What will be the consequences of such a mutation on the protein structure? What will be the effect of the deletion of poly-A signal from the gene?arrow_forwardEVOLUTION CONNECTION A typical prokaryotic cell has about3,000 genes in its DNA, while a human cell has almost 21,000genes. About 1,000 of these genes are present in both types ofcells. Based on your understanding of evolution, explain howsuch different organisms could have this same subset of 1,000genes. What sorts of functions might these shared genes have?arrow_forwardWrite detail essay about evolution of introns.arrow_forward
- Testing the question Examine the following questions and decide which of them you think can be answered by scientific methods. If the question can be answered via scientific methods, then put a ‘yes’ next to the question. If the question can’t be answered via scientific methods put a ‘no’ next to it and explain why it can’t be. What is the cause of COVID-19? What is the best recipe for cornbread? Will food from Chipotle be better for cardiovascular health than food from Taco Bell? Are serial killers evil by nature? How effective are extracts of citronella plants as insect repellants? Should we clone endangered species to prevent them from going extinct? Do students who are late for class have grades as good as prompt students?arrow_forwardFrom DNA to Protein 3D what is the location in the cell or organelle where these processes occur, the main enzymes and substrates for each process, details about initiation, elongation, and termination of each process.arrow_forwardOther than obvious changes in protein-encoding Neanderthal genes, changes in what type of non-coding DNA sequences would affect cell function? A) Alu family of repeated sequences B) Short tandem repeats (STRs) C) Protein factors that regulate gene expression D) Short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs)arrow_forward
- ou now have an understanding of Genomes, DNA Replication, Transcription, Translation, and Regulation of Genes. How would you reprogram skin cells to create cells which look and behave like brain cells (neurons)? What would you change/modify to reprogram a skin cell to a neuron? How would you introduce the change/modification into the skin cells to transform them into neurons?arrow_forwardWhat is the relationship between the components of the endomembrane system? This should be an original thought, not Google’s.arrow_forward(comprehension) A scientist hypothesized that her vaccine would stimulate the immune system to attack melanoma (skin cancer) tumors and reduce their growth. To test the hypothesis, 100 melanoma patients were injected with the vaccine in a saline solution (Group A) and 100 melanoma patients were injected with only the saline solution (Group B). Which was the experimental group?arrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning