Concept explainers
ETHICS CHALLENGE C1
BTN 20-3 Both the budget process and budgets themselves can impact management actions. Both positively and negatively. For instance, a common practice among not-for-profit organizations and government agencies is for management to spend any amounts remaining in a budget at the end of the budget period, a practice often called “use it or lose it.” The view is that if a department manager does not spend the budgeted amount, top management will reduce next year’s budget by the amount not spent. To avoid losing budget dollars, department managers often spend all budgeted amounts regardless of the value added to products or services. All of us pay for the costs associated with this budget system.
Required
Write a half-page report to a local not-for-profit organization or government agency offering a solution to the “use it or lose it” budgeting problem.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 20 Solutions
FINANCIAL AND MANAGERIAL ACCTG W/ACC CRD
- Integrity and evaluating budgeting systems The city of Milton has an annual budget cycle that begins on July 1 and ends on June 30. At the beginning of each budget year, an annual budget is established for each department. The annual budget is divided by 12 months to provide a constant monthly static budget. On June 30, all unspent budgeted monies for the budget year from the various city departments must be returned to the General Fund. Thus, if department heads fail to use their budget by year-end, they will lose it. A budget analyst prepared a chart of the difference between the monthly actual and budgeted amounts for the recent fiscal year. The chart was as follows: a. Interpret the chart. b. Suggest an improvement in the budget system.arrow_forwardEthics and professional conduct in business The director of marketing for Truss Industries Inc.. Ellen Knutson, had the following discussion with the company controller. Bud Wyckoff. on February 26 of the current year: Ellen: Bud, it looks like I'm going to spend much less than indicated on my February budget. Butt: I'm glad to hear it. Ellen: Well. I'm not so sure it's good news. I'm concerned that the president will see that I'm under budget and reduce my budget in the future. The only reason that I look good is that we've delayed an advertising campaign. Once the campaign hits in May. I'm sure my actual expenditures will go up. You see. we are also having our sales convention in May. Having the advertising campaign and the convention at the same time is going to kill my May numbers.arrow_forwardEXERCISE 8–7 Cash Budget [LO8–8] Garden Depot is a retailer that is preparing its budget for the upcoming fiscal year. Managementhas prepared the following summary of its budgeted cash flows: [picture] The company’s beginning cash balance for the upcoming fiscal year will be $20,000. The company requires a minimum cash balance of $10,000 and may borrow any amount needed from a local bank at a quarterly interest rate of 3%. The company may borrow any amount at the beginning of any quarter and may repay its loans, or any part of its loans, at the end of any quarter. Interest payments are due on any principal at the time it is repaid. For simplicity, assume that interest is not compounded. Required: Prepare the company’s cash budget for the upcoming fiscal year Particulars 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q Year Cash balance. Beginning Add:Collection from customer Total cash available Less:Disbursement Purchase of inventory Selling and…arrow_forward
- EXERCISE 8–7 Cash Budget [LO8–8] Garden Depot is a retailer that is preparing its budget for the upcoming fiscal year. Managementhas prepared the following summary of its budgeted cash flows: [picture] The company’s beginning cash balance for the upcoming fiscal year will be $20,000. The company requires a minimum cash balance of $10,000 and may borrow any amount needed from a local bank at a quarterly interest rate of 3%. The company may borrow any amount at the beginning of any quarter and may repay its loans, or any part of its loans, at the end of any quarter. Interest payments are due on any principal at the time it is repaid. For simplicity, assume that interest is not compounded. Required: Prepare the company’s cash budget for the upcoming fiscal yeararrow_forwardQ5 A budget is 'accepted' by managers when they______. Select one: a. relates it to their own personal objectives b. receive the budget in writing c. are consulted by top management d. agree to it verballyarrow_forwardBudgeted income statement and balance sheet As a preliminary to requesting budget estimates of sales, costs, and expenses for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 20Y9, the following tentative trial balance as of December 31, 20Y8, is prepared by the Accounting Department of Mesa Publishing Co.: Cash. 26,000 Finished Goods.............................................. 16,900 Work in Process.............................................. 4,200 Materials.................................................... 6,400 Prepaid Expenses............................................ 600 Plant and Equipment......................................... 82,000 Accumulated DepreciationPlant and Equipment............. 32,000 Accounts Payable............................................ 14,800 Common Stock. 1.50 par..................................... 30,000 Retained Earnings............................................ 83,100 159,900 159,900 Factory output and sales for 20Y9 are expected to total 3,800 units of product, which are to be sold at 120 per unit. The quantities and costs of the inventories at December 31, 20Y9, are expected to remain unchanged from the balances at the beginning of the year. Budget estimates of manufacturing costs and operating expenses for the year are summarized as follows: Estimated Costs and Expenses Fixed Variable (Total for Year) (Per Unit Sold) Cost of goods manufactured and sold: Direct materials................................... 30.00 Direct labor....................................... 840 Factory overhead: Depreciation of plant and equipment............ 4,000 Other factory overhead......................... 1,400 4.80 Selling expenses: Sales salaries and commissions..................... 12,800 13.50 Advertising....................................... 13,200 Miscellaneous selling expense..................... 1,000 2.50 Administrative expenses: Office and officers salaries......................... 7,800 7.00 Supplies.......................................... 500 1.20 Miscellaneous administrative expense.............. 400 2.40 Balances of accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, and accounts payable at the end of the year are not expected to differ significantly from the beginning balances, federal income tax of 35,000 on 20Y9 taxable income will be paid during 20Y9. Regular quarterly cash dividends of 0.20 per share are expected to be declared and paid in March, June, September, and December on 20,000 shares of common stock outstanding. It is anticipated that fixed assets will be purchased for 22,000 cash in May. Instructions 1. Prepare a budgeted income statement for 20Y9. 2. Prepare a budgeted balance sheet as of December 31, 20Y9, with supporting calculations.arrow_forward
- Budgeted income statement and balance sheet As a preliminary to requesting budget estimates of sales, costs, and expenses for the fiscal year beginning January I, 20Y9, the following tentative trial balance as of December 31, 20Y8, is prepared by the Accounting Department of Regina Soap Co.: Cash 85,000 Accounts Receivable........................................ 125,600 Finished Goods............................................ 69,300 Work in Process............................................ 32,500 Materials.................................................. 48,900 Prepaid Expenses.......................................... 2,600 Plant and Equipment....................................... 325,000 Accumulated DepreciationPlant and Equipment........... 156,200 Accounts Payable.......................................... 62,000 Common Stock. 10 par.................................... 180,000 Retained Earnings.......................................... 290,700 688,900 688,900 Factory output and sales for 20Y9 are expected to total 200,000 units of product, which are to be sold at 5.00 per unit. The quantities and costs of the inventories at December 31, 20Y9, are expected to remain unchanged from the balances at the beginning of the year. Budget estimates of manufacturing costs and operating expenses for the year are summarized as follows: Estimated Costs and Expenses Fixed Variable (Total for Year) (Per Unit Sold) Cost of goods manufactured and sold: Direct materials.................................. 1.10 Direct labor...................................... 0.65 Factory overhead: Depreciation of plant and equipment........... 40,000 Other factory overhead........................ 12,000 0.40 Selling expenses: Sales salaries and commissions.................... 46,000 0.45 Advertising...................................... 64,000 Miscellaneous selling expense................... 6,000 0 25 Administrative expenses: Office and officers salaries........................ 72,400 0.12 Supplies......................................... 5,000 0.10 Miscellaneous administrative expense............. 4,000 0.05 Balances of accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, anti accounts payable at the end of the year are not expected to differ significantly from the beginning balances. Federal income tax of 30,000 on 20Y9 taxable income will be paid during 20Y9. Regular quarterly cash dividends of 0.15 per share are expected to be declared and paid in March, June. September, and December on 18,000 shares of common stock outstanding. It is anticipated that fixed assets will be purchased for 75,000 cash in May. Instructions 1. Prepare a budgeted income statement for 20Y9. 2. Prepare a budgeted balance sheet as of December 31, 20Y9, with supporting calculations.arrow_forwardBudgeted income statement and balance sheet As a preliminary to requesting budget estimates of sales, costs, and expenses for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2017, the following tentative trial balance as of December 31, 2016, is prepared by the Accounting Department of Regina Soap Co.: Cash............................................................. 85,000 Accounts Receivable............................................... 125,600 Finished Goods................................................... 69,300 Work in Process................................................... 32,500 Materials......................................................... 48,900 Prepaid Expenses................................................. 2,600 Plant and Equipment.............................................. 325,000 Accumulated Depreciation Plant and Equipment.................. 156,200 Accounts Payable................................................. 62,000 Common Stock, 10 par........................................... 180,000 Retained Earnings................................................. 290,700 688,900 688,900 Factory output and sales for 2017 are expected to total 200,000 units of product, which are to be sold at 5.00 per unit. The quantities and costs of the inventories at December 31, 2017, are expected to remain unchanged from the balances at The beginning of the year. Budget estimates of manufacturing costs and operating expenses for the year are summarized as follows: Estimated Costs and Expenses Cost of goods manufactured and sold: Fixed (Total for Year) Direct materials................................................ 1.10 Direct labor.................................................... 0.65 Factory overhead: Depreciation of plant and equipment.......................... 40,000 Other factory overhead....................................... 12,000 0.40 Selling expenses: Sales salaries and commissions.................................. 46,000 0.45 Advertising.................................................... 64,000 Miscellaneous selling expense.................................. 6,000 0.25 Administrative expenses: Office and officers salaries...................................... 72,400 0.12 Supplies....................................................... 5,000 0.10 Miscellaneous administrative expense........................... 4,000 0.05 Balances, of accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, and accounts payable at the end of the year are not expected to differ significantly from the beginning balances. Federal income tax of 30,000 on 2017 taxable income will be paid during 2017. Regular quarterly cash dividends of 0.15 per share are expected to be declared and paid in March, June, September, and December on 18,000 shares of common stock outstanding. It is anticipated that fixed assets will be purchased for 75,000 cash in May. Instructions 1. Prepare a budgeted income statement for 2017. 2. Prepare a budgeted balance sheet as of December 31, 2017, with supporting calculations.arrow_forwardBudgeted income statement and supporting budgets The budget director of Gold Medal Athletic Co., with the assistance of the controller, treasurer, production manager, and sales manager, has gathered the following data for use in developing the budgeted income statement for March: A. Estimated sales for March: Batting helmet.................. 1,200 units at 40 per unit Football helmet................. 6,500 units at 160 per unit B. Estimated inventories at March 1: Direct materials: Finished products: Plastic............ 90 lbs. Batting helmet....... 40 units at 25 per unit Foam lining....... 80 lbs. Football helmet...... 240 units at 77 per unit C. Desired inventories at March 31: Direct materials: Finished products: Plastic............ 50 lbs. Batting helmet....... 50 units at 25 per unit Foam lining....... 65 lbs. Football helmet...... 220 units at 78 per unit D. Direct materials used in production: In manufacture of batting helmet: Plastic............................... 1.2lbs. per unit of product Foam lining......................... 0.5 lb. per unit of product In manufacture of football helmet: Plastic............................... 3.5lbs. per unit of product Foam lining.......................... 1.5 lbs. per unit of product E. Anticipated cost of purchases and beginning and ending inventory of direct materials: Plastic........................ 6 per lb. Foam lining................... 4 per lb. F. Direct labor requirements Batting helmet: Molding Department............. 0.2 hr. at 20 per unit Assembly Department............ 0.5 hr. at 14 per hr. Football helmet: Molding Department............. 0.5 hr. at 20 per hr. Assembly Department............ 1.8 hrs. at 14 per hr. G. Estimated factory overhead costs for March: Indirect factory wages 86,000 Depreciation of plant and equipment 12,000 Power and light 4,000 Insurance and property tax 2,300 H. Estimated operating expenses for March: Sales salaries expense 184,300 Advertising expense 87,300 Office salaries expense 32,400 Depreciation expenseoffice equipment 3,800 Telephone expenseselling 5,800 Telephone expenseadministrative 1,200 Travel expenseselling 9,000 Office supplies expense 1,100 Miscellaneous administrative expense 1,000 I. Estimated other income and expense for March: Interest revenue 940 Interest expense 872 J. Estimated tax rate:30% Instructions 1. Prepare a sales budget for March. 2. Prepare a production budget for March. 3. Prepare a direct materials purchases budget for March. 4. Prepare a direct labor cost budget for March. 5. Prepare a factory overhead cost budget for March. 6. Prepare a cost of goods sold budget for March. Work in process at the beginning of March is estimated to be 15,300, and work in process at the end of March is desired to be 14,800. 7. Prepare a selling and administrative expenses budget for March. 8. Prepare a budgeted income statement for March.arrow_forward
- Accounting (Text Only)AccountingISBN:9781285743615Author:Carl Warren, James M. Reeve, Jonathan DuchacPublisher:Cengage LearningFinancial & Managerial AccountingAccountingISBN:9781285866307Author:Carl Warren, James M. Reeve, Jonathan DuchacPublisher:Cengage LearningSurvey of Accounting (Accounting I)AccountingISBN:9781305961883Author:Carl WarrenPublisher:Cengage Learning
- AccountingAccountingISBN:9781337272094Author:WARREN, Carl S., Reeve, James M., Duchac, Jonathan E.Publisher:Cengage Learning,Financial & Managerial AccountingAccountingISBN:9781337119207Author:Carl Warren, James M. Reeve, Jonathan DuchacPublisher:Cengage Learning