University Physics (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780133969290
Author: Hugh D. Young, Roger A. Freedman
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Textbook Question
Chapter 20, Problem 20.23E
A 15.0-kg block of ice at 0.0°C melts to liquid water at 0. 0°C inside a large room at 20.0°C. Treat the ice and the room as an isolated system, and assume that the room is large enough for its temperature change to be ignored. (a) Is the melting of the ice reversible or irreversible? Explain, using simple physical reasoning without resorting to any equations. (b) Calculate the net entropy change of the system during this process. Explain whether or not this result is consistent with your answer to part (a).
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
A thirsty nurse cools a 2.30 LL bottle of a soft drink (mostly water) by pouring it into a large aluminum mug of mass 0.257 kgkg and adding 0.123 kgkg of ice initially at -14.0 ∘C∘C. If the soft drink and mug are initially at 20.9 ∘C∘C, what is the final temperature of the system, assuming no heat losses?
One gram of water (1 cm3) becomes 875 cm3 of steam when boiled at a constant pressure of 1 atm (1.013 x 105 Pa). The heat of vaporization at this pressure is Lv = 2.256 x 106 J/kg. Compute a) the heat absorbed by the water b) the work done by the water when it vaporizes and c) its increase in internal energy.
To illustrate the effect of ice on the aluminum cooling plate, consider the drawing shown here and the data that it contains. Ignore any limitaions due to significant figures. How much heat per second per square meter is conducted through the ice-aluminum combination and through the aluminum by itself?
combination: 6580 J/(s m2), aluminum only: 6580 J/(s m2)
combination: 2400000 J/(s m2), aluminum only: 2400000 J/(s m2)
combination: 2400000 J/(s m2), aluminum only: 6580 J/(s m2)
combination: 6580 J/(s m2), aluminum only: 2400000 J/(s m2)
Chapter 20 Solutions
University Physics (14th Edition)
Ch. 20 - A pot is half-filled with water, and a lid is...Ch. 20 - Prob. Q20.2DQCh. 20 - Prob. Q20.3DQCh. 20 - Prob. Q20.4DQCh. 20 - Why must a room air conditioner be placed in a...Ch. 20 - Prob. Q20.6DQCh. 20 - Prob. Q20.7DQCh. 20 - An electric motor has its shaft coupled to that of...Ch. 20 - When a wet cloth is hung up in a hot wind in the...Ch. 20 - Compare the pV-diagram for the Otto cycle in Fig....
Ch. 20 - The efficiency of heat engines is high when the...Ch. 20 - What would be the efficiency of a Carnot engine...Ch. 20 - Real heat engines, like the gasoline engine in a...Ch. 20 - Does a refrigerator full of food consume more...Ch. 20 - How can the thermal conduction of heat from a hot...Ch. 20 - Explain why each of the following processes is an...Ch. 20 - The free expansion of an ideal gas is an adiabatic...Ch. 20 - Are the earth and sun in thermal equilibrium? Are...Ch. 20 - Prob. Q20.20DQCh. 20 - Prob. Q20.21DQCh. 20 - Prob. Q20.22DQCh. 20 - BIO A growing plant creates a highly complex and...Ch. 20 - A diesel engine performs 2200 J of mechanical work...Ch. 20 - An aircraft engine takes in 9000 J of heat and...Ch. 20 - A Gasoline Engine. A gasoline engine takes in 1.61...Ch. 20 - A gasoline engine has a power output of 180 kW...Ch. 20 - The pV-diagram in Fig. E20.5 shows a cycle of heat...Ch. 20 - (a) Calculate the theoretical efficiency for an...Ch. 20 - The Otto-cycle engine in a Mercedes-Benz SL1 a...Ch. 20 - Section 20.4 Refrigerators 20.8The coefficient of...Ch. 20 - A refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of...Ch. 20 - A freezer has a coefficient of performance of...Ch. 20 - A refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of...Ch. 20 - A Carnot engine is operated between two heat...Ch. 20 - A Carnot engine whose high-temperature reservoir...Ch. 20 - An ice-making machine operates in a Carnot cycle....Ch. 20 - A Carnot engine has an efficiency of 66% and...Ch. 20 - A certain brand of freezer is advertised to use...Ch. 20 - A Carnot refrigerator is operated between two heat...Ch. 20 - A Carnot heat engine uses a hot reservoir...Ch. 20 - You design an engine that takes in 1.50 104 J of...Ch. 20 - A 4.50-kg block of ice at 0.00C falls into the...Ch. 20 - A sophomore with nothing better to do adds heat to...Ch. 20 - CALC You decide to take a nice hot bath but...Ch. 20 - A 15.0-kg block of ice at 0.0C melts to liquid...Ch. 20 - CALC You make tea with 0.250 kg of 85.0C water and...Ch. 20 - Three moles of an ideal gas undergo a reversible...Ch. 20 - What is the change in entropy of 0.130 kg of...Ch. 20 - (a) Calculate the change in entropy when 1.00 kg...Ch. 20 - Entropy Change Due to Driving. Premium gasoline...Ch. 20 - CALC Two moles of an ideal gas occupy a volume V....Ch. 20 - A box is separated by a partition into two parts...Ch. 20 - CALC A lonely party balloon with a volume of 2.40...Ch. 20 - You are designing a Carnot engine that has 2 mol...Ch. 20 - CP An ideal Carnot engine operates between 500C...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.34PCh. 20 - CP A certain heat engine operating on a Carnot...Ch. 20 - A heat engine takes 0.350 mol of a diatomic ideal...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.37PCh. 20 - What is the thermal efficiency of an engine that...Ch. 20 - CALC You build a heal engine that takes 1.00 mol...Ch. 20 - CP As a budding mechanical engineer, you are...Ch. 20 - CALC A heal engine Operates using the cycle shown...Ch. 20 - CP BIO Humun Entropy. A person who has skin of...Ch. 20 - An experimental power plant at the Natural Energy...Ch. 20 - CP BIO A Human Engine. You decide to use your body...Ch. 20 - CALC A cylinder contains oxygen at a pressure of...Ch. 20 - A monatomic ideal gas it taken around the cycle...Ch. 20 - A Carnot engine operates between two heat...Ch. 20 - A typical coal-fired power plant generates 1000 MW...Ch. 20 - Automotive Thermodynamics. A Volkswagen Passat has...Ch. 20 - An air conditioner operates on 800 W of power and...Ch. 20 - The pV-diagram in Fig. P20.51 shows the cycle for...Ch. 20 - BIO Human Entropy. A person with skin of surface...Ch. 20 - CALC An object of mass m1, specific heat c1, and...Ch. 20 - CALC To heat 1 cup of water (250 cm3) to make...Ch. 20 - DATA In your summer job with a venture capital...Ch. 20 - DATA For a refrigerator or air conditioner, the...Ch. 20 - DATA You are conducting experiments to study...Ch. 20 - Consider a Diesel cycle that starts (at point a in...Ch. 20 - POWER FROM THE SEA. Ocean thermal energy...Ch. 20 - POWER FROM THE SEA. Ocean thermal energy...Ch. 20 - POWER FROM THE SEA. Ocean thermal energy...Ch. 20 - POWER FROM THE SEA. Ocean thermal energy...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Compare the ease of pulling a lawn mower and pushing it. a. They are the same. b. Pulling is easier. c. Pushing...
College Physics
4. Accuracy is
the same as precision.
the smallest unit with which a measurement is made.
the number of signifi...
Applied Physics (11th Edition)
The mean free path for methane at a temperature of 269 K and a pressure of 1.11105 Pa is 4.81108 m. Find the ef...
University Physics Volume 2
The setup depicted in Figure 4.6 is used in a diffraction experiment using X-rays of 0.26 nm wavelength. Constr...
Modern Physics
Which of the following is not true about scientific progress? (a) Science progresses through the creation and t...
Life in the Universe (4th Edition)
A base runner can get from first to second base in 3.4 s. If he leaves first as the pitcher throws a 90 mi/h fa...
Essential University Physics: Volume 1 (3rd Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A certain ideal gas has a molar specific heat of Cv = 72R. A 2.00-mol sample of the gas always starts at pressure 1.00 105 Pa and temperature 300 K. For each of the following processes, determine (a) the final pressure, (b) the final volume, (c) the final temperature, (d) the change in internal energy of the gas, (e) the energy added to the gas by heat, and (f) the work done on the gas. (i) The gas is heated at constant pressure to 400 K. (ii) The gas is heated at constant volume to 400 K. (iii) The gas is compressed at constant temperature to 1.20 105 Pa. (iv) The gas is compressed adiabatically to 1.20 105 Pa.arrow_forwardConsider an object with any one of the shapes displayed in Table 10.2. What is the percentage increase in the moment of inertia of the object when it is warmed from 0C to 100C if it is composed of (a) copper or (b) aluminum? Assume the average linear expansion coefficients shown in Table 16.1 do not vary between 0C and 100C. (c) Why are the answers for parts (a) and (b) the same for all the shapes?arrow_forwardFor a temperature increase of 10 at constant volume, what is the heat absorbed by (a) 3.0 mol of a dilute monatomic gas; (b) 0.50 mol of a dilute diatomic gas; and (c) 15 mol of a dilute polyatomic gas?arrow_forward
- On his honeymoon, James Joule traveled from England to Switzerland. He attempted to verify his idea of the inter-convertibility of mechanical energy and internal energy by measuring the increase in temperature of water that fell in a waterfall. For the waterfall near Chamonix in the French Alps, which has a 120-m drop, what maximum temperature rise could Joule expect? He did not succeed in measuring it, partly because evaporation cooled the falling water and also because his thermometer was not sufficiently sensitive.arrow_forwardThe maximum amount of water an adult in temperate climates can perspire in one hour is typically 1.8 L. However, after several weeks in a tropical climate the body can adapt, increasing the maximum perspiration rate to 3.5 L/h. At what rate, in watts, is energy being removed when perspiring that rapidly?Assume all of the perspired water evaporates. At body temperature, the heat of vaporization of water is Lv = 24 × 105 J/kg.arrow_forwardAn insulated copper beaker of mass 0.5 Kg contains 0.25 Kg of water at 750 You add x Kg of Ice at -200C and the final stable temperature is 350C. What is x? a) 0.103 kg b) 0.263 kg c) 0.095 kgarrow_forward
- What is the final temperature of a system? Given: The mass of the water is 80 g. The initial temperature in the water is 20oC. The mass of the iron is 15 g. The initial temperature of the iron is 150oC. Step 2 Calculation: from the conservation of energy of the system. the heat gained by water = heat loss by water m1Cw(Tf−T1)=m2Ci(T2−Tf)m1CwTf-T1=m2CiT2-Tf Here, m1 is the mass of the water,Cw is the specific heat of water, T1 is the initial temperature of the water,m2 is the mass of the iron, T2 is the initial temperature of iron, Ci is the specific heat of the iron, and Tf is the final temperature of the system. Substitute, all known values in the above expression. (80 g)(4.184 J/g.°C)(Tf−20°C)Tf===(15 g)(0.45 J/g.°C)(150°C-Tf)7706.9341.4722.57°Carrow_forwardLake Erie contains roughly 4.00 ✕ 1011 m3 of water. (a) How much energy is required to raise the temperature of that volume of water from 14.8°C to 23.6°C? (Assume the density of this water to be equal to that of water at 20°C and 1 atm.) J(b) How many years would it take to supply this amount of energy by using the 1,400-MW exhaust energy of an electric power plant?arrow_forwardConsider a well-insulated horizontal rigid cylinder that is divided into two compartments by a piston that is free to move, but does not allow either gas to leak into the other side. Initially, one side of the piston contains 1 m3 of N2 gas at 500 kPa and 120°C while the other side contains 1 m3 of He gas at 500 kPa and 40°C. Now thermal equilibrium is established in the cylinder as a result of heat transfer through the piston. Using constant specific heats at room temperature, determine the final equilibrium temperature in the cylinder. What would your answer be if the piston were not free to move?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Physics for Scientists and EngineersPhysicsISBN:9781337553278Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...PhysicsISBN:9781337553292Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage Learning
- Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...PhysicsISBN:9781305116399Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Physics
ISBN:9781337553278
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...
Physics
ISBN:9781337553292
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...
Physics
ISBN:9781133939146
Author:Katz, Debora M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...
Physics
ISBN:9781305116399
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Thermodynamics: Crash Course Physics #23; Author: Crash Course;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4i1MUWJoI0U;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY