College Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168000
Author: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher: OpenStax College
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Textbook Question
Chapter 20, Problem 23CQ
Some surgery is performed with high-voltage electricity passing from a metal scalpel through the tissue being cut. Considering the nature of electric fields at the surface of conductors, why would you expect most of the current to flow from the sharp edge of the scalpel? Do you think high- or low-frequency AC is used?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
A 1.00-mF capacitor is connected to a North American electrical outlet (ΔVrms = 120 V, f = 60.0 Hz). Assuming the energy stored in the capacitor is zero at t = 0, determine the magnitude of the current in the wires at t = 1/180 s.
A radio broadcast antenna is located at the top of a steep tall mountain. The antenna is broadcasting 104.3 FM (in Megahertz) with a mean power of 7.00 kilowatts.
What is the peak voltage generated in a circular loop antenna which is 28.0 cm in radius (also located 19.0 km away)?
The sum of the electrical and magnetic energies in an L-C circuit is 0.800 J. At a certain instant the energy is exactly half electrical and half magnetic, the capacitor charge is 5.30 mC, and the current is 8.00 A. Find (a) the capacitance, (b)
Chapter 20 Solutions
College Physics
Ch. 20 - Can a wire carry a current and still be...Ch. 20 - Car batteries are rated in ampere-hours (A h )....Ch. 20 - If two different wires having identical...Ch. 20 - Why are two conducting paths from a voltage source...Ch. 20 - In cars, one battery terminal is connected to the...Ch. 20 - Why isn't a bird sitting on a high-voltage power...Ch. 20 - The IR drop across a resistor means that there is...Ch. 20 - How is the I R drop in a resistor similar to the...Ch. 20 - In which of the three semiconducting materials...Ch. 20 - Does the resistance of an object depend on the...
Ch. 20 - If aluminum and copper wires of the same length...Ch. 20 - Explain why R=R0(1 + a?T) for the temperature...Ch. 20 - Why do incandescent lightbulbs grow dim late in...Ch. 20 - The power dissipated in a resistor is given by P =...Ch. 20 - Give an example of a use of AC power other than in...Ch. 20 - Why do voltage, current, and power go through zero...Ch. 20 - You are riding in a train, gazing into the...Ch. 20 - Using an ohmmeter, a student measures the...Ch. 20 - What are the two major hazards of electricity?Ch. 20 - Why isn’t a short circuit a shock hazard?Ch. 20 - What determines the severity of a shock? Can you...Ch. 20 - An electrified needle is used to burn off warts,...Ch. 20 - Some surgery is performed with high-voltage...Ch. 20 - Some devices often used in bathrooms, such as...Ch. 20 - We are often advised to not flick electric...Ch. 20 - Before working on a power transmission line,...Ch. 20 - Why is the resistance of wet skin so much smaller...Ch. 20 - Could a person on intravenous infusion (an IV) be...Ch. 20 - In view of the small currents that cause shock...Ch. 20 - Note that in Figure 20.28, both the concentration...Ch. 20 - Define depolarization, repolarization, and the...Ch. 20 - Explain the properties of myelinated nerves in...Ch. 20 - What is the current in milliamperes produced by...Ch. 20 - A total of 600 C of charge passes through a...Ch. 20 - What is the current when a typical static charge...Ch. 20 - Find the current when 2.00 nC jumps between your...Ch. 20 - A large lightning bolt had a 20,000-A current and...Ch. 20 - The 200-A current through a spark plug moves 0.300...Ch. 20 - (a) A defibrillator sends a 6.00-A current through...Ch. 20 - During open-heart surgery, a defibrillator can be...Ch. 20 - (a) A defibrillator passes 12.0 A of current...Ch. 20 - A clock battery wears out after moving 10,000 C of...Ch. 20 - The batteries of a submerged non-nuclear submarine...Ch. 20 - Electron guns are used in X-ray tubes. The...Ch. 20 - A large cyclotron directs a beam of He ++ nuclei...Ch. 20 - Repeat the above example on Example 20.3, but for...Ch. 20 - Using the results of the above example on Example...Ch. 20 - A 14-gauge copper wire has a diameter of 1.628 mm....Ch. 20 - SPEAR, a storage ring about 72.0 m in diameter at...Ch. 20 - What current flows through the bulb of a 3.00-V...Ch. 20 - Calculate the effective resistance of a pocket...Ch. 20 - What is the effective resistance of a car’s...Ch. 20 - How many volts are supplied to operate an...Ch. 20 - (a) F ind the voltage drop in an extension cord...Ch. 20 - A power transmission line is hung from metal...Ch. 20 - What is the resistance of a 20.0-m-long piece of...Ch. 20 - The diameter of 0-gauge copper wire is 8.252 mm....Ch. 20 - If the 0.100-mm diameter tungsten filament in a...Ch. 20 - Find the ratio of the diameter of aluminum to...Ch. 20 - What current flows through a 2.54-cm-diameter rod...Ch. 20 - (a) To what temperature must you raise a copper...Ch. 20 - A resistor made of Nichrome wire is used in an...Ch. 20 - Of what material is a resistor made if its...Ch. 20 - An electronic device designed to operate at any...Ch. 20 - a) Of what material is a wire made, if it is 25.0...Ch. 20 - Assuming a constant temperature coefficient of...Ch. 20 - A wire is drawn through a die, stretching it to...Ch. 20 - A copper wire has a resistance of 0.500at 20.0°C,...Ch. 20 - (a) Digital medical thermometers determine...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts (a) Redo Exercise 20.25 taking...Ch. 20 - Unreasonable Results (a) To what temperature must...Ch. 20 - What is the power of a 1.00 102 MV lightning boit...Ch. 20 - What power is supplied to the starter motor of a...Ch. 20 - A charge of 4.00 C of charge passes through a...Ch. 20 - How many watts does a flashlight that has 6.00102C...Ch. 20 - Find the power dissipated in each of these...Ch. 20 - Verify that the units of a volt-ampere are watts,...Ch. 20 - Show that the units 1 V2/=1W , as implied by the...Ch. 20 - Show that the units 1 A 2 = 1W, as implied by the...Ch. 20 - Verify the energy unit equivalence that 1 kWh =...Ch. 20 - Electrons in an X-ray tube are accelerated through...Ch. 20 - An electric water heater consumes 5.00 kW for 2.00...Ch. 20 - With a 1200-W toaster, how much electrical energy...Ch. 20 - What would be the maximum cost of a CFL such that...Ch. 20 - Some makes of older cars have 6.00-V electrical...Ch. 20 - Alkaline batteries have the advantage of putting...Ch. 20 - A cauterizer, used to stop bleeding in surgery,...Ch. 20 - The average television is said to be on 6 hours...Ch. 20 - An old lightbulb draws only 50.0 W, rather than...Ch. 20 - -gauge copper wire has a diameter of 9.266 mm....Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts Cold vaporizers pass a current...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts (a) What energy is dissipated...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts What current must be produced...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts How much time is needed for a...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts Hydroelectric generators (see...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts (a) Assuming 95.0% efficiency...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts A light-rail commuter train...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts (a) An aluminum power...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts (a) An immersion heater...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts (a) What is the cost of...Ch. 20 - Unreasonable Results (a) What current is needed to...Ch. 20 - Unreasonable Results (a) What current is needed to...Ch. 20 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider an electric...Ch. 20 - (a) What is the hot resistance of a 25-W light...Ch. 20 - Certain heavy industrial equipment uses AC power...Ch. 20 - A certain circuit breaker trips when the rms...Ch. 20 - Military aircraft use 400-Hz AC power, because it...Ch. 20 - A North American tourist takes his 25.0-W, 120-V...Ch. 20 - In this problem, you will verify statements made...Ch. 20 - A small office-building air conditioner operates...Ch. 20 - What is the peak power consumption of a 12G-V AC...Ch. 20 - What is the peak current through a 500-W room...Ch. 20 - Two different electrical devices have the same...Ch. 20 - Nichrome wire is used in some radiative heaters....Ch. 20 - Find the time after t = 0 when the instantaneous...Ch. 20 - (a) At what two times in the first period...Ch. 20 - (a) Haw much power is dissipated in a short...Ch. 20 - What voltage is involved in a 1.44-kW short...Ch. 20 - Find the current through a person and identify the...Ch. 20 - While taking a bath, a person touches the metal...Ch. 20 - Foolishly trying to fish a burning piece of bread...Ch. 20 - (a) During surgery, a current as small as 20.0 ?...Ch. 20 - (a) What is the resistance of a 220-V AC short...Ch. 20 - A heart defibrillator passes 10.0 A through a...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts A short circuit in a 120-V...Ch. 20 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider a person...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts Use the ECG in Figure 20.34 to...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts (a) Referring to Figure 20.34,...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
6. (II) If 4.0 L of antifreeze solution (specific gravity = 0.80) is added to 5.0 L of water to make a 9.0-L mi...
Physics: Principles with Applications
1. a. Can a vector have nonzero magnitude if a component is zero? If no, why not? If yes, give an example.
b. C...
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Edition)
What class of motion, natural or violent, did Aristotle attribute to motion of the Moon?
Conceptual Physics (12th Edition)
1. A cyclist goes around a level, circular track at constant speed. Do you agree or disagree with the following...
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (3rd Edition)
The pV-diagram of the Carnot cycle.
Sears And Zemansky's University Physics With Modern Physics
24. The 1.0 kg block in FIGURE EX7.24 is tied to the wall with a rope. It sits on top of the 2.0 kg block. The ...
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach, Vol. 1 (Chs 1-21) (4th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A man foolishly tries to fish a burning piece of bread from a toaster with a metal butter knife and comes into contact with 120-V ac. He does not even feel it since, luckily, he is wearing rubber-soled shoes. What is the minimum resistance of the path tire current follows through the person?arrow_forwardWhen a wire carries an AC current with a known frequency, you can use a Rogowski coil to determine the amplitude Imax of the current without disconnecting the wire to shunt the current through a meter. The Rogowski coil, shown in Figure P23.8, simply clips around the wire. It consists of a toroidal conductor wrapped around a circular return cord. Let n represent the number of turns in the toroid per unit distance along it. Let A represent the cross-sectional area of the toroid. Let I(t) = Imax sin t represent the current to be measured. (a) Show that the amplitude of the emf induced in the Rogowski coil is Emax=0nAImax. (b) Explain why the wire carrying the unknown current need not be at the center of the Rogowski coil and why the coil will not respond to nearby currents that it does not enclose. Figure P23.8arrow_forwardWhat is the peak power consumption rate of a 60-W AC light bulb?arrow_forward
- A current is being supplied from a source with a peak voltage of 20.0 V. What is the current that is being supplied when the frequency is very small? R1= 81.0 Ω, R2 = 19.0 Ω, L = 65.0 mH and C = 33.0 μF. Current due to very small frequency:arrow_forward1.a. An unintentional electrical path that's conducting current from an ungrounded conductor to a normallynoncurrent-carrying metal raceway would be defined as a groundA. conductor.B. fault.C. electrode.D. interrupter. 1.b. It's important for designers and installers to ensure that equipment ground-fault current paths have________, which will facilitate the tripping of the overcurrent protective device.A. low impedanceB. proper labelingC. high impedanceD. an equilibriumarrow_forwardWhat is the power that's dissipated through the resistor in the image given (in W). a. 2 b.4 c. 15 d. 30 e. 60arrow_forward
- An AC appliance cord has its live wire and neutral wire separated by 3.00 mm andcarries a 5.00 A current.a) What is the force per unit length between the wires?b) Are the forces between the two wires attractive or repulsive? Explain.c) Do appliance cords need any special design features to compensate for theseforces? Explainarrow_forwardThe capacitance of biological membranes is about 1.0 μF per cm2 of membrane area, so investigators can determine the surface area of a cell membrane by using intracellular electrodes to measure the membrane’s capacitive reactance. An investigator applies a 1.0 μA peak current at 40 kHz to a cell and measures the peak out-of-phase voltage—that is, the component of the voltage due to the capacitive reactance of the cell membrane—to be 0.16 V. If the capacitance of a cell membrane is measured to be 6.0 x 10-11 F, what is the area?A. 6.0 x 10-13 m2B. 6.0 x 10-11 m2C. 6.0 x 10-9 m2D. 6.0 x 10-7 m2arrow_forwardThe capacitance of biological membranes is about 1.0 μF per cm2 of membrane area, so investigators can determine the surface area of a cell membrane by using intracellular electrodes to measure the membrane’s capacitive reactance. An investigator applies a 1.0 μA peak current at 40 kHz to a cell and measures the peak out-of-phase voltage—that is, the component of the voltage due to the capacitive reactance of the cell membrane—to be 0.16 V. If the frequency is doubled to 80 kHz and the current is kept the same, what will be the peak out-of-phase voltage?A. 0.32 V B. 0.16 VC. 0.080 V D. 0.040 Varrow_forward
- 2. A segment of wire 7.9 cm long is moving at a velocity of 4.75 m/s toward a parallel (much longer) wire which carries a current of 3.83 A. At a particular instant the wire segment is 5.0 cm away from the long, current-carrying wire. What is the induced emf (voltage) between the two ends of the wire segment? 2.30E-06 V 4.03E-06 V 6.90E-06 V 5.75E-06 Varrow_forwardThe capacitance of biological membranes is about 1.0 μF per cm2 of membrane area, so investigators can determine the surface area of a cell membrane by using intracellular electrodes to measure the membrane’s capacitive reactance. An investigator applies a 1.0 μA peak current at 40 kHz to a cell and measures the peak out-of-phase voltage—that is, the component of the voltage due to the capacitive reactance of the cell membrane—to be 0.16 V. What is the approximate capacitance of the cell membrane?A. 20 x 10-11 FB. 10 x 10-11 FC. 5.0 x 10-11 FD. 2.5 x 10-11 Farrow_forward5. An AC appliance cord has its hot and neutral wires separated by 3.35 mm and carries a root mean squared current of 4.10 A. What is the average force per meter (in N/m) between the wires in the cord? (Enter the magnitude.) N/m What is the maximum force per meter (in N/m) between the wires? (Enter the magnitude.) N/m Are the forces attractive or repulsive? Do appliance cords need any special design features to compensate for these forces?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781938168000Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger HinrichsPublisher:OpenStax CollegePrinciples of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...PhysicsISBN:9781305116399Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage Learning
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781938168000
Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher:OpenStax College
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...
Physics
ISBN:9781305116399
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...
Physics
ISBN:9781133939146
Author:Katz, Debora M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
What is Electromagnetic Induction? | Faraday's Laws and Lenz Law | iKen | iKen Edu | iKen App; Author: Iken Edu;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HyORmBip-w;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY