EP COSMIC PERSPECTIVE-MOD.MASTERING
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780137453481
Author: Bennett
Publisher: SAVVAS L
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Chapter 20, Problem 38EAP
To determine
The deviation from Hubble’s law.
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An astronomer observed the motions of some galaxies. Based on his observations, he made the following statements. Which one of them is most likely to be false? Take Hubble's constant to be 67 km/s/Mpc.
A. A galaxy observed to be moving away from us at a speed of 70 km/s is at a distance of about 1 Mpc from us.
B. A galaxy observed to be moving away from us at a speed of 700 km/s is at a distance of about 10 Mpc from us.
C. A galaxy observed to be moving away from us at a speed of 7000 km/s is at a distance of about 100 Mpc from us.
D. A galaxy observed to be moving away from us at a speed of 70000 km/s is at a distance of about 1 Gpc from us.
Is the answer D? Thank you!
Astronomers frequently say that "there are more stars in the universe than there are grains of sand on all the
beaches on the earth". Given that a typical grain of sand is about 0.5 – 1.0 mm in diameter, estimate the
number of grains of sand on all the earth's beaches. The diameter of the Earth is 12,742 km.
a) About 1011
b) About 1016
c) About 1021.
6.
Assume that a typical galaxy contains about 200 billion stars and that there are more than 150 billion
galaxies in the known universe. Estimate the total number of stars in the universe.
b) About 1022
a) About 1010
c) About 1016.
7.
Compare the values of the number of grains of sand in all earth's beaches (from problem 5) with the
number of stars in the universe (from problem 6) – which is greater?
a) Number of sand grains
b) number of stars
c) they are about the same.
The Andromeda Galaxy is a member of the Local Group of galaxies. It is approaching us. Does this mean that the Hubble Law is wrong? Why or why not? Explain.
Chapter 20 Solutions
EP COSMIC PERSPECTIVE-MOD.MASTERING
Ch. 20 - Prob. 1VSCCh. 20 - Prob. 2VSCCh. 20 - Prob. 3VSCCh. 20 - Prob. 4VSCCh. 20 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 20 - Prob. 6VSCCh. 20 - Why do we need to understand the evolution of the...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 3EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 4EAP
Ch. 20 - Prob. 9EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 10EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 11EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 12EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 13EAPCh. 20 - What is the cosmological horizon, and what...Ch. 20 - Prob. 15EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 16EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 17EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 18EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 19EAPCh. 20 - Decide whether the statement makes sense (or is...Ch. 20 - Prob. 21EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 22EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 23EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 24EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 25EAPCh. 20 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 20 - Prob. 27EAPCh. 20 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 20 - Prob. 29EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 30EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 31EAPCh. 20 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 20 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 20 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 20 - Prob. 35EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 38EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 41EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 42EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 43EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 45EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 46EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 47EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 48EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 51EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 52EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 53EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 54EAPCh. 20 - Extremely Distant Galaxies. The most distant...Ch. 20 - Stretching of the Universe. The most distant white...
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- What does the term Hubble time mean in cosmology, and what is the current best calculation for the Hubble time?arrow_forwardHow astronomers determine the distance of a galaxy? Explain.arrow_forwardDoes Hubble's Law work well for galaxies in the Local Group (such as Andromeda)? No, because dark energy is accelerating the universe's expansion over those distances. No, because we do not know the precise value of Ho. No, because Hubble did not know the Local Group existed when he discovered his law. Yes, it works well for all galaxies. No, because galaxies in the Local Group are bound gravitationally together.arrow_forward
- Suppose you want to observe every galaxy within some distance. Your enterprising assistant says that instead you can observe every galaxy within double the original distance. What is the ratio of the number of galaxies you can now observe as opposed to before? (For example, if you can observe twice as many: 2. If you can observe half as many: 0.5) Your answerarrow_forwardIn the reading, you were told that there were roughly 10,000 galaxies in the image of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field alone. The image is roughly 10 square arcminutes and there are roughly 1.5*10^8 square arcminutes composing the entire sky. With that in mind and assuming that the Hubble Ultra Deep Field represents an average part of the sky, roughly how many galaxies may exist in the observable universe? (Please include commas for every factor of 1,000; for example 2,343,567,890)arrow_forwardExplain how the Hubble constant, H0, can be used to make an estimate for the age of the Universe. Use the value of H0 = 0.07×103 kms-1/Mpc to estimate the Universe’s age. Comment on the significance of your answer.arrow_forward
- Estimating the mass of the Milky Way a) Assuming the Sun moves in a circular orbit of radius 8 kiloparsecs around the center of the Milky Way, and that its orbital speed is 220 km/s, calculate how many years it takes the Sun to complete one orbit of the Galaxy. Remember to convert kiloparsecs to kilometers. b) Using the modified form of Kepler's third law (introduced in Lecture 13, for measuring the combined masses of binary stars), R³ m+ M = estimate the mass of the Milky Way enclosed within 8 kpc (Sun's orbit radius). The mass of the Milky Way inside p² I the Sun's orbit can be represented as a single mass (M) located at its center, and the mass of the Sun (m) can be considered infinitesimally small compared to the Milky Way's (i.e., m < M). c) Is this estimate of the Milky Way's mass an upper or lower limit? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardIndicate whether the following statements are most true for elliptical or spiral galaxies. (Select S-Spiral, E-Elliptical. If the first is S and the rest E, enter SEEEEE). A) Are more bluish in color. B) Has no current star formation. C) Most numerous type in the Universe. D) Contain abundant clouds of cool gas and dust. E) Are rare in the central regions of galaxy clusters. F) Contain no hot, massive stars. G) Most are roughly similar in size and mass.arrow_forwardIf a galaxy is 9.0 Mpc away from Earth and recedes at 488 km/s, what is H0 (in km/s/Mpc)? km/s/Mpc What is the Hubble time (in yr)? years How old (in yr) would the universe be, assuming space-time is flat and the expansion of the universe has not been accelerating? How would acceleration change your answer? A.If the expansion of the Universe has been accelerating, the Universe could be substantially younger than the value entered above. BIf the expansion of the Universe has been accelerating, the Universe could be substantially older than the value entered above.arrow_forward
- Suppose you want to observe every galaxy within some distance. Your enterprising assistant says that instead you can observe every galaxy within double the original distance. What is the ratio of the number of galaxies you can now observe as opposed to before?arrow_forwardAssume the observable Universe is charge neutral, and that it contains n nuclei (hydrogen plus helium nuclei, ignoring other elements). Take the helium mass fraction as 1/4. How many electrons are there in the observable Universe? Enter your answer in scientific notation with one decimal place. Value: n = 4*1080arrow_forwardSuppose we look at two distant galaxies: Galaxy 1 is twice as far away as Galaxy 2. In this case, A. Galaxy 1 must be twice as big as Galaxy 2. B. we are seeing Galaxy 1 as it looked at an earlier time in the history of the universe than Galaxy 2. C. we are seeing Galaxy 1 as it looked at a later time in the history of the universe than Galaxy 2. D. Galaxy 2 must be twice as old as Galaxy 1.arrow_forward
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