Modified Mastering Physics with Pearson eText -- Standalone Access Card -- for Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (4th Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134110561
Author: Randall D. Knight (Professor Emeritus)
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20, Problem 46EAP
Uranium has two naturally occurring isotopes. 238U has a
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Suppose that the root‑mean‑square velocity ?rms of water molecules (molecular mass is equal to 18.0 g/mol) in a flame is found to be 1210 m/s. What temperature ? does this represent?
The Boltzmann constant is ?=1.38×10−23 J/K
and Avogadro's number is ?A=6.022×1023 mol−1.
The escape speed from the Earth is 1.12 x 104 m/s so thata gas molecule traveling away from Earth near the outerboundary of the Earth’s atmosphere would, at this speed,be able to escape from the Earth’s gravitational field and belost to the atmosphere. At what temperature is the rmsspeed of (a) oxygen molecules, and (b) helium atomsequal to 1.12 x104 m/s (c) Can you explain why ouratmosphere contains oxygen but not helium?
An argon-40 atom has a mass of 6.64 ✕ 10−26 kg.
(a)
What temperature (in K) would a gas composed entirely of argon-40 atoms have to be at in order for the rms speed of the atoms to equal the escape speed from Earth, 1.12 ✕ 104 m/s?
K
(b)
What temperature (in K) would a gas composed entirely of argon-40 atoms have to be at in order for the rms speed of the atoms to equal the escape speed from the Moon, 2.37 ✕ 103 m/s?
K
Chapter 20 Solutions
Modified Mastering Physics with Pearson eText -- Standalone Access Card -- for Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (4th Edition)
Ch. 20 - Prob. 1CQCh. 20 - Prob. 2CQCh. 20 - Prob. 3CQCh. 20 - Prob. 4CQCh. 20 - Prob. 5CQCh. 20 - Prob. 6CQCh. 20 - Prob. 7CQCh. 20 - Prob. 8CQCh. 20 - Prob. 9CQCh. 20 - Prob. 1EAP
Ch. 20 - Prob. 2EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 3EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 4EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 5EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 6EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 7EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 8EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 9EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 10EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 11EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 12EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 13EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 14EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 15EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 16EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 17EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 18EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 19EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 20EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 21EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 22EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 23EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 24EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 25EAPCh. 20 - A 10 g sample of neon gas has 1700 J of thermal...Ch. 20 - Prob. 27EAPCh. 20 - A 6.0 m × 8.0 m × 3.0 m room contains air at 20°C....Ch. 20 - Prob. 29EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 30EAPCh. 20 - .0 mol of a monatomic gas interacts thermally with...Ch. 20 - Prob. 32EAPCh. 20 - A rigid container holds 0.20 g of hydrogen gas....Ch. 20 - Prob. 34EAPCh. 20 - .0 mol of monatomic gas A interacts with 3.0 mol...Ch. 20 - Two containers hold several balls. Once a second,...Ch. 20 - Prob. 37EAPCh. 20 - From what height must an oxygen molecule fall in a...Ch. 20 - Dust particles are 10m in diameter. They are...Ch. 20 - Prob. 40EAPCh. 20 - Photons of light scatter off molecules, and the...Ch. 20 - Prob. 42EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 43EAPCh. 20 - a. Find an expression for the vrms of gas...Ch. 20 - Equation 20.3 is the mean free path of a particle...Ch. 20 - Uranium has two naturally occurring isotopes. 238U...Ch. 20 - On earth, STP is based on the average atmospheric...Ch. 20 - .0 × l023 nitrogen molecules collide with a 10 cm2...Ch. 20 - Prob. 49EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 50EAPCh. 20 - A 100 cm3 box contains helium at a pressure of 2.0...Ch. 20 - 2.0 g of helium at an initial temperature of 300 K...Ch. 20 - Prob. 53EAPCh. 20 - Scientists studying the behavior of hydrogen at...Ch. 20 - Prob. 55EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 56EAPCh. 20 - In the discussion following Equation 20.43 it was...Ch. 20 - Prob. 58EAPCh. 20 - n moles of a diatomic gas with Cv= 52 has initial...Ch. 20 - The 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for...Ch. 20 - Prob. 61EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 62EAPCh. 20 - 63. moles of a monatomic gas and moles of a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 64EAPCh. 20 - 65. An experiment you're designing needs a gas...Ch. 20 - 66. Consider a container like that shown in...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A research group recently made an interesting discovery, while studying laser interactions with molecular gases. They found that nitrous oxide molecules (mass 44.013 g per mole) can reach temperatures exceeding 1,648 degrees Celsius after a interacting with a few closely-spaced (in time) laser pulses. At this temperature, what is the rms speed (in m/s) of a nitrous oxide molecule?arrow_forwardFind the RMS (root-mean-square) speed of Oxygen gas molecules with 32 atomic mass units per molecule at 300 Kelvin of temperature. R=8.31J/K/mol Kb=1.38e-23J/K 1amu=1.66e-27kgarrow_forwardA 5.0liter gas tank holds 1.7 moles of monatomic helium (He) and 1.10 mole of diatomic oxygen (O2), at a temperature of 260 K. The ATOMIC masses of helium and oxygen are 4.0 g/mol and 16.0 g/mol, respectively. what is the ratio of the root-mean-square (thermal) speed of helium to that of oxygen? a. 2.8 b. 2.0 c. 1.4 d. 4.0arrow_forward
- The escape speed from the Moon is much smaller than from Earth, around 2.38 km/s. a) At what temperature, in kelvins, would hydrogen molecules (with molar mass of 2.016 g/mol) have an rms speed equal to the Moon’s escape speed?arrow_forwardThe partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the lungs is about 470 Pa when the total pressure in the lungs is 1.0 atm. What percentage of the air molecules in the lungs is carbon dioxide? Compare your result to the percentage of carbondioxide in the atmosphere, about 0.033%.arrow_forwardAt what frequency do molecules (diameter 290 pm) collide in (an ideal) oxygen gas (O2) at temperature 400 K and pressure 2.00 atm?arrow_forward
- At what temperature would the rms speed of nitrogen atoms equal the following speeds? (Note: The mass of a nitrogen atom is 2.32 ✕ 10−26 kg.) (a) the escape speed from Earth, 1.12 ✕ 104 m/s K(b) the escape speed from the Moon, 2.37 ✕ 103 m/s Karrow_forwardWhat is the root mean square velocity, vrms, for Helium atom (He) at 66oC? Hint: How many amu does an He atom contain? 1 amu = 1.67 x 10-27 kg Boltzman's Constant, k = 1.38 x 10-23 J/K Give your answer in m/s to 4 significant figures (NO DECIMALS)arrow_forwardThere are two important isotopes of uranium: 235U and 238U. These isotopes have different atomic masses and react differently. Only 235U is very useful in nuclear reactors. One of the techniques for separating them (gas diffusion) is based on the different rms speeds of uranium hexafluoride gas, UF6. a)The molecular masses for UF6 with 235U and UF6 with 238U are 349.0 g/mol and 352.0 g/mol, respectively. What is the ratio of rms speeds?arrow_forward
- (a) Repeat Exercise 31.2, and convert the energy to joules or calories. (b) If all of this energy is converted to thermal energy in the gas, what is its temperature increase, assuming 50.0 cm3 of ideal gas at 0.250atm pressure? (The small answer is consistent with the fact that the energy is large on a quantum mechanical scale but small on a macroscopic scale.)arrow_forwardA gas is cooled and trapped in a two-dimensional region by laser beams and magnets. The speed distribution function of the gas molecules obeys the two-dimensional Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law, f(v)=2π(m2πkB T)ve−mv22kB T where m is the mass of a gas molecule, T is the temperature, and v is the speed. What is the average speed of the gas molecule?arrow_forward
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