UNIVERSE (LOOSELEAF):STARS+GALAXIES
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781319115043
Author: Freedman
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 20, Problem 49Q
To determine
The meaning of core bounce and the way neutrinos contribute to the effects of a core bounce.
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Explain neutrino oscillations and their consequences.
Guide Questions:1. What is the common end-product of proton-proton chain reaction and CNO cycle?2. Why is CNO cycle important in stellar formation and evolution?
Multiple Choice
During the intermediate step of solar nuclear fusion
a. 1 deuterium fuse with 1 proton making helium-3
b. 2 protons fuse together making helium-3
c. 2 deuterium nuclei fuse together making helium-3
d. 1 deuterium fuse with 1 proton making helium-4
Chapter 20 Solutions
UNIVERSE (LOOSELEAF):STARS+GALAXIES
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- Do neutrinos have mass? Describe how the answer to this question has changed over time and why.arrow_forwardExplain how critical temperature and critical pressure occur. You can also site an example to thoroughly explain.arrow_forwardBased on what you learned about the source of stellar energy and how stars make energy, select all of the correct statements from the following list. 1. Many stars make energy with the proton-proton cycle. 2. The CNO cycle is more efficient than the proton-proton cycle. 3. The sun's energy comes from the CNO cycle.More massive stars make energy with the proton-proton cycle. 4. The leftover mass in both the proton-proton cycle and the CNO cycle is converted to energy. 5. A helium atom is more massive than four hydrogen atoms. 6. The CNO cycle requires a higher temperature than the proton-proton cycle.arrow_forward
- Describe the reaction that powers the sun during its main sequence lifetime. Be sure to include the basic ingredients and the basic products.arrow_forwardThe Sun is estimated to have about 5.00 billion years left in it’s “normal” (main sequence) lifetime. Assume the average “burn” rate that you computed in question #1, what % of the Sun’s current mass will have been converted at the end of it’s estimated 5.00 billion years of additional life? Actually, the Sun will lose more mass due to the solar wind, CMEs, the neutrio flux etc. the answer to number one was 3.683x10^14arrow_forwardActivity 8: Complete Me! Directions: Complete the given following nuclear reactions on the formation of heavier elements during star formation and evolution. Write your answers in the space given. 1. n° → p* + - + v 2. p* + n° - 12D +- 3. 23He + 12_ 24He + p* 4. 12D + 12D - 24He + 5. 137 + 12D → 24He + - 6. 12H + 12H - 24He + 7. 13H +H 24He + - 8. _- 37Li + 9. + 47B + 10 -- 67C + - Q1 Week 1 (Learning Activity Worksheet) Target Competency: Give evidence for and describe the formation of heavier elements during star formation and evolution. (S11/12PS-lla-2) Page 4 of 8arrow_forward
- Status of Sun's core and its temperature (The letters correspond to the stages in Figure 21.1.) 3. Stage A: T10 million K. Sun is in equilibrium. 4. Stage B: T 100 million K Core collapse stops. 5. Stage C: Helium flash 6. Stage D: T 100 million K. Sun is in equilibrium. 7. Stage E: T800 million K. Core collapse stops. If fusion is occurring in core or in shell around the core, mark with a ✔in the correct column. Core fusion H to He FUSION ✓ Core fusion He to C Shell fusion H to He Shell fusion He to C PRESSURE VERSUS GRAVITY CORE • REST OF THE STAR Pressure comes from electron degeneracy Pressure Gravity Gravity Pressure region contracts and heats Pressure > Gravity region expands and coolsarrow_forwardImagine sensors observe an X4 solar flare and fast-moving 'halo' CME. What sort of response would we expect to see in the 'energetic protons' measured at Earth (i.e. proton event)?Provide a brief description, focusing on the timing and duration of the proton event.arrow_forward1. A planetary nebula has an angular diameter of 76 arc seconds and a distance of 5100 ly. What is its linear diameter (in ly)? Hint: Use the small-angle formula: angular diameter (in arc seconds) 2.06 ✕ 105 = linear diameter distance 2. Suppose a planetary nebula is 3.2 pc in diameter, and Doppler shifts in its spectrum show that the planetary nebula is expanding at 31 km/s. How old is the planetary nebula in yr? (Note: 1 pc = 3.1 ✕ 1013 km and 1 yr = 3.2 ✕ 107 s.)arrow_forward
- Once fusion stops in the core of a star, the core is primarily supported against gravitational collapse by ... Select one: A. strong magnetic fields B. novae explosions C. thermal pressure D. electron degeneracy pressure E. radiation pressurearrow_forward1. The neutrino flux from SN 1987A was estimated to be 1.3 x 1014 m-2 at the location of Earth. If the average energy per neutrino was approximately 4.2 MeV, estimate the total amount of energy in joules released via neutrinos during the supernova explosion. (SN 1987A was located in the LMC at a distance of 50 kpc.).arrow_forwardExplain what happens during a supernova, what features it produces, and the process of nucleosynthesisarrow_forward
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