Biology: Life on Earth (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134256283
Author: Audesirk
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20, Problem 5MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Very few species of the prokaryotes are pathogenic in nature, meaning that they can cause disease in plants and animals. Most of the species of the prokaryotes are beneficial to the humans. Some lives in the human body and aid in digestion like intestinal bacterial flora. Some of the bacteria are used for different function like cleaning oil spills.
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Particles that transfer genetic material from one species to another, especially in marine prokaryotes: a. horizontal gene transfer b. lateral gene transfer c. genome fusion device d. gene transfer agents
Which of the following statements correctly describes a process by which bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
A. bacteria reproduce slowly, allowing mutation to become widespread in a population.
B. some bacteria produce exotoxins that breakdown antibiotics, rendering them nonfunctional
C. conjugation spreads antibiotic resistance genes rapidly in a population
D. antibiotics cause mutation in bacteria, making them resistant.
The transfer of an antibiotic resistance gene from one bacterialspecies to a different species is an example ofa. exon shuffling.b. horizontal gene transfer.c. genetic drift.d. migration.
Chapter 20 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth (11th Edition)
Ch. 20 - The name of the process by which DNA is...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2MCCh. 20 - Prob. 3MCCh. 20 - 4. Viruses
a. are usually...Ch. 20 - Prob. 5MCCh. 20 - _______have peptidoglycan in their _____, but____...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2FTBCh. 20 - 3. Many prokaryotes use _____ to move about. Some...Ch. 20 - _____ bacteria inhabit environments that lack...Ch. 20 - 5. Prokaryotes reproduce by _____and may sometimes...
Ch. 20 - 6. The plant nutrient ammonium is produced by___...Ch. 20 - Prob. 7FTBCh. 20 - A virus consists of a molecule of ____or _____...Ch. 20 - Describe some of the ways in which prokaryotes...Ch. 20 - What are nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and what role...Ch. 20 - Describe some of the extreme environments in which...Ch. 20 - Prob. 4RQCh. 20 - What is conjugation? What role do plasmids play in...Ch. 20 - 6. Why are prokaryotes especially useful in...Ch. 20 - Describe the structure of a typical virus. How do...Ch. 20 - Describe some examples of how prokaryotes are...Ch. 20 - How do archaea and bacteria differ? How do...Ch. 20 - Prob. 1ACCh. 20 - Before the discovery of prions, many (perhaps...
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- How do scientists induce prokaryotes to produce human proteins?a. They insert human genes into bacterial genomes.b. They cross bacterial strains until the proteins arise at random.c. They inject bacteria into human muscles.d. All of the above are correct.arrow_forwardwhy do the bacteria grow up to the edge of the area with antibiotics, pause, then continue to grow across the area with antibiotics? A) The antibiotics caused mutations in the DNA of the bacteria, making them resistant to the antibiotics. B) The bacteria mutated as a survival response to the presence of antibiotics, enabling the bacteria to become resistant to the antibiotics. C)A few bacteria experienced random mutations in their DNA, which allowed some of them to grow even though antibiotics were present. D) Researchers added antibiotic resistant bacteria to the culture, so that the bacteria would continue to grow across the area with antibiotics.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements does not support how prokaryotes have a large amount of genetic variation A. The mutation rate in prokaryotes is not particularly high B. Prokaryotes have extremely short generation times and large populations C. They can exchange DNA with many types of prokaryotes by way of horizontal gene transfer D. They have a relatively small genomearrow_forward
- Why is overuse of antibiotics resulting in more antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria to evolve? A) The normal flora of the patient can no longer to outcompete the pathogen B) The antibiotics create the mutations that result in resistant organisms C) The antibiotic becomes less potent over time leading to resistance D) The patients begin to have less side-effects from the antibiotics E) The antibiotics provide the selective pressure for resistancearrow_forwardIn your opinion, is antibiotic use at farm sites promote the development and spread of antibiotic resistant genes in bacteria? Why or why not please explain based on the articlearrow_forwardExplain how a single bacterium that is resistant to an antibiotic can multiply dramatically when an organism is treated with that antibiotic.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is an example of horizontal gene transfer? a. the transmission of an eye color gene from father to daughter b. the transmission of a mutant gene causing cystic fibrosis from father to daughter c. the transmission of a gene conferring pathogenicity (the ability to cause disease) from one bacterial species to another d. the transmission of a gene conferring antibiotic resistance from a mother cell to its two daughter cells e. all of the abovearrow_forwardCompare and contrast the three types of horizontal gene transfer.arrow_forwardThe threat posed by biotechnology to biodiversity is somewhat similar in nature toarrow_forward
- find an example of a set of genes that have been horizontally gene transferred between bacteria or archaea. Which organisms are the genes transferred between? Explain the set of genes that were transferred. Include what they are for and what the advantage to sharing those genes are.What do the organisms use the genes for?Which organisms the transfer happened between?What might be the advantage be to share the genes with other organisms?arrow_forwardWhen you receive a prescription for an antibiotic, your doctor or pharmacist will tell you that it is very important to take the medication for the full time period, even if you start to feel better before the end of the prescription. Explain why/how, if you stop taking the medication early, you could be contributing to the evolution of resistant forms of bacteria.arrow_forwardWhich of the following does not apply to mutations?a. They occur to cause adaptive changes in response to the environment.b. They are usually either harmful or neutral.c. They are only inherited if they occur in a sperm or egg cell.d. They often occur when DNA is copied.arrow_forward
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