Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 21, Problem 10E
Why is it so hard to see planets around other stars and so easy to see them around our own?
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Nearly all planets that astronomers have found orbiting other stars have been giant planets with masses more like Jupiter than Earth, and with orbits located very close to their parent stars. Does this prove that our Solar System is unique? Explain your answer.
A planet is located at < - 3×1010, 8×1010, - 5×1010 > m. A star is located at < 8×1010, - 5×1010, 5×1010 > m.
Earth is about 150 million kilometers from the Sun (1 Astronomical Unit, or AU), and the apparent brightness of the Sun in our sky is about 1300 watts/m2. Using these two facts and the inverse square law for light, determine the apparent brightness that we would measure for the Sun if we were located at the following positions.
a) At the orbit of Venus (67 million km from the Sun)
Chapter 21 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 21 - Give several reasons the Orion molecular cloud is...Ch. 21 - Why is star formation more likely to occur in cold...Ch. 21 - Why have we learned a lot about star formation...Ch. 21 - Describe what happens when a star forms. Begin...Ch. 21 - Describe how the T Tauri star stage in the life of...Ch. 21 - Look at the four stages shown in Figure 21.8. In...Ch. 21 - The evolutionary track for a star of 1 solar mass...Ch. 21 - Two protostars, one 10 times the mass of the Sun...Ch. 21 - Compare the scale (size) of a typical dusty disk...Ch. 21 - Why is it so hard to see planets around other...
Ch. 21 - Why did it take astronomers until 1995 to discover...Ch. 21 - Which types of planets are most easily detected by...Ch. 21 - List three ways in which the exoplanets we have...Ch. 21 - List any similarities between discovered...Ch. 21 - What revisions to the theory of planet formation...Ch. 21 - Why are young Jupiters easier to see with direct...Ch. 21 - A friend of yours who did not do well in her...Ch. 21 - Observations suggest that it takes more than 3...Ch. 21 - Suppose you wanted to observe a planet around...Ch. 21 - Why were giant planets close to their stars the...Ch. 21 - Exoplanets in eccentric orbits experience large...Ch. 21 - When astronomers found the first giant planets...Ch. 21 - An exoplanetary system has two known planets....Ch. 21 - Kepler’s third law says that the orbital period...Ch. 21 - Calculate the transit depth for an M dwarf star...Ch. 21 - If a transit depth of 0.00001 can be detected with...Ch. 21 - What fraction of gas giant planets seems to have...
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- Why were giant planets close to their stars the first ones to be discovered? Why has the same technique not been used yet to discover giant planets at the distance of Saturn?arrow_forwardBarnard’s Star, the second closest star to us, is about 56 trillion (5.61012) km away. Calculate how far it would be using the scale model of the solar system given in Overview of Our Planetary System.arrow_forwardThe light a planet receives from the Sun (per square meter of planet surface) decreases with the square of the distance from the Sun. So a planet that is twice as far from the Sun as Earth receives (1/2)2=0.25 times (25%) as much light and a planet that is three times as far from the Sun receives (1/3)2=0.11 times (11%) as much light. How much light is received by the moons of Jupiter and Saturn (compared to Earth), worlds which orbit 5.2 and 9.5 times farther from the Sun than Earth?arrow_forward
- An exoplanetary system has two known planets. Planet X orbits in 290 days and Planet Y orbits in 145 days. Which planet is closest to its host star? If the star has the same mass as the Sun, what is the semi-major axis of the orbits for Planets X and Y?arrow_forwardWhy is it hard to give exact diameters for even the larger objects in the Kuiper belt?arrow_forwardWhat are the two sources of particles coming from the Sun that cause space weather? How are they different?arrow_forward
- Earth is about 150 million kilometers from the Sun (1 Astronomical Unit, or AU), and the apparent brightness of the Sun in our sky is about 1300 watts/m2. Using these two facts and the inverse square law for light, determine the apparent brightness that we would measure for the Sun if we were located at the following positions. a) At the orbit of Jupiter (780 million km from the Sun).arrow_forwardEarth is about 150 million kilometers from the Sun (1 Astronomical Unit, or AU), and the apparent brightness of the Sun in our sky is about 1300 watts/m^2. Using these two facts and the inverse square law for light, determine the apparent brightness that we would measure for the Sun if we were located at the following positions. b) At the orbit of Jupiter (780 million km from the Sun).arrow_forward-Please solve this on a piece of paper so it will be easier to understand. -Link: https://www.smartconversion.com/otherInfo/gravity_of_planets_and_the_sun.aspxarrow_forward
- Calculate the orbital speed in km/s of the planet Threa given that the radius of the Threa's orbit is 1.5 x 108 km and 1 year lasts for 500 earth days. Assumptions: Threa's orbit is circular Threa's star is at the exact center of its orbitarrow_forwardIn Table 2, there is a list of 15 planets, some of which are real objects discovered by the Kepler space telescope, and some are hypothetical planets. For each one, you are provided the temperature of the star that each planet orbits in degrees Kelvin (K), the distance that each planet orbits from their star in astronomical units (AUs) and the size or radius of each planet in Earth radii (RE). Since we are concerned with finding Earth-like planets, we will assume that the composition of these planets are similar to Earth's, so we will not directly look at their masses, rather their sizes (radii) along with the other characteristics. Determine which of these 15 planets meets our criteria of a planet that could possibly support Earth-like life. Use the Habitable Planet Classification Flow Chart (below) to complete Table 2. Whenever the individual value you are looking at falls within the range of values specified on the flow chart, mark the cell to the right of the value with a Y for…arrow_forwardThe main advantage of taking images of our planet from high-altitude orbits is that you can see a large fraction of the Earth's surface. The main disadvantage is that there will be too many low-altitude satellites obscuring your view of the Earth high-altitude satellites must launch to the west, which is more costly being at high altitude makes your satellite subject to strict international regulations you can't see as much detail in images taken from high altitudearrow_forward
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