Pearson eText Biology: Science for Life -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780135214084
Author: Colleen Belk, Virginia Maier
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Chapter 21, Problem 10LTB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The second line of defense can be defined as the nonspecific resistance that eliminates the pathogenic invaders in a usual way. If the pathogens pass the first line of defense such as through a cut in the skin, the infection progresses. In that case, the second line of defense plays its role to protect the body.
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The classic inflammatory response (heat, swelling, redness, pain) reflects the communication of innate and adaptive defenses. Which of the following is not correct about this response?
Group of answer choices
Non-cytopathic viruses stimulate the inflammatory response
Adjuvants stimulate inflammation and therefore a good antibody response
Dendritic cells link the innate and adaptive responses
Tumor necrosis factor alpha is a major inducer of inflammation
Increased blood flow is one result of inflammation
Which of the following is NOT one of the major functions of T lymphocytes (T cells)?
activating the immune system
binding to antigens presented by MHC proteins
production of antibodies
forming memory cells to more rapidly respond to future infections by the same pathogen
attacking our own cells that are infected with a virus or cancerous
Which of the following is NOT part of the body's third line of defense?
Antibodies
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes
Neutrophils
B-lymphocytes
Chapter 21 Solutions
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- Which of the following types of immunity is responsible for preventing pathogens from entering the cell? antibody-mediated (Humoral) immunity OOOO sarcoplasmic immunity pathogenic immunity cell-mediated immunityarrow_forwardWhich of the following is a mechanism by which antibodies help rid the body of invading microbes? Agglutination whereby the bacteria are clumped together. Identifying viruses for elimination by NK cells Non-antibody dependent activation of complement Autoimmune diseasearrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT an example of non- specific (innate) resistance mechanisms interacting directly with specific acquired immunity mechanisms? Complement being activated by antigen- antibody binding Macrophages and dendritic cells presenting antigens to lymphocytes Antibodies binding to bacterial surface antigens, coating (opsonizing) the bacteria and enhancing their phagocytosis by leukocytes None of the other four answers (All are examples of interaction between innate and acquired resistance) Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicityarrow_forward
- Why is innate immunity referred to as nonspecific? because it is a form of defense found in all animal species because it provides defense against a wide range of pathogens because it is a form of defense that functions in all human body systems because it provides a built-in mechanism of defense that does not require "training"arrow_forwardWhich of the following is mismatched? Epitope - Specific area on an antigen that interacts with antibody Acquired (or Adaptive) Immunity - innate, nonspecific resistance to infection; present at birth Antigen - Substance that provokes a specific immune response Susceptibility - Lack of resistance to a disease Antibody - Protein made in response to an antigen which can specifically bind to that antigenarrow_forwardWhat distinguishes the innate defense system from the adaptive defense system.arrow_forward
- Which line(s) of defense is(are) called innate? O First O Third Secondarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true of acquired immunity? It does not involve experience and its forms include phagocytosis and inflammation. Acquired immune responses take longer to initiate than natural immune responses. An effective immune response occurs even before prior exposure to a particular antigen. It consists of a number of inborn processes that help remove foreign substances from the body.arrow_forwardEpithelial tissue covers surfaces and lines cavities. This is the ___ line of defense. mechanical antibody-antigen physical chemicalarrow_forward
- Why is innate immunity referred to as nonspecific? Group of answer choices because it provides defense against a wide range of pathogens because it is a form of defense that functions in all human body systems because it is a form of defense found in all animal species because it provides a built-in mechanism of defense that does not require "training"arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a FALSE statement about innate immunity? Natural killer cells are participants in the process It must be primed by the presence of a specific antigen It includes inflammatory responses It may involve the formation of complement protein cascades It includes physical and chemical barriersarrow_forwardThe body’s immune response comprises innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Virulence is the capacity of a pathogen to cause disease BOTH statements are FALSE BOTH statements are TRUE FIRST statement is FALSE; SECOND statement is TRUE FIRST statement is TRUE; SECOND statement is FALSEarrow_forward
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