Antibiotics such as ampicillin are inactivated by heating above 65°C. Your friend is working in a lab in which a student preparing agar plates for growing bacteria adds ampicillin before allowing the sterilized agar to cool below 65°C. Your friend performs a cloning experiment using plates made from this agar before the mistake is realized. What do you predict your friend’s plates will look like?

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 21, Problem 1Q

Antibiotics such as ampicillin are inactivated by heating above 65°C. Your friend is working in a lab in which a student preparing agar plates for growing bacteria adds ampicillin before allowing the sterilized agar to cool below 65°C. Your friend performs a cloning experiment using plates made from this agar before the mistake is realized. What do you predict your friend’s plates will look like?

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To determine: The look of the plates after the cloning experiment using the plates with sterilized agar. The plates consist of the inactivated ampicillin as it is added to the agar before cooling below 65ºC.

Introduction: The enzymes and bioactive compounds are sensitive to temperature. The activity of these enzymes or proteins is limited within a limited temperature change. The increase in the temperature beyond its denaturation point deactivates the enzyme.

Explanation of Solution

The addition of the ampicillin to the plates should occur below 65ºC. However, ampicillin has been added above 65ºC. Hence, it would be deactivated.

The ampicillin was being added to the agar medium to grow the strains of microbes which are ampicillin resistant. This mistake would lead to the growth of the mixed microbial strains which would consist of both ampicillin resistant strains as well as nonresistant strains.

Hence, both ampicillin resistant and nonampicillin resistant strains of microbes will appear in the colonies formed on the plates.

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Why do bacteria that are not genetically resistant to antibiotics die out when exposed to antibiotics?

Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 21, Problem 1Q

Antibiotics such as ampicillin are inactivated by heating above 65°C. Your friend is working in a lab in which a student preparing agar plates for growing bacteria adds ampicillin before allowing the sterilized agar to cool below 65°C. Your friend performs a cloning experiment using plates made from this agar before the mistake is realized. What do you predict your friend’s plates will look like?

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To determine: The look of the plates after the cloning experiment using the plates with sterilized agar. The plates consist of the inactivated ampicillin as it is added to the agar before cooling below 65ºC.

Introduction: The enzymes and bioactive compounds are sensitive to temperature. The activity of these enzymes or proteins is limited within a limited temperature change. The increase in the temperature beyond its denaturation point deactivates the enzyme.

Explanation of Solution

The addition of the ampicillin to the plates should occur below 65ºC. However, ampicillin has been added above 65ºC. Hence, it would be deactivated.

The ampicillin was being added to the agar medium to grow the strains of microbes which are ampicillin resistant. This mistake would lead to the growth of the mixed microbial strains which would consist of both ampicillin resistant strains as well as nonresistant strains.

Hence, both ampicillin resistant and nonampicillin resistant strains of microbes will appear in the colonies formed on the plates.

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Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 21, Problem 1Q

Antibiotics such as ampicillin are inactivated by heating above 65°C. Your friend is working in a lab in which a student preparing agar plates for growing bacteria adds ampicillin before allowing the sterilized agar to cool below 65°C. Your friend performs a cloning experiment using plates made from this agar before the mistake is realized. What do you predict your friend’s plates will look like?

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To determine: The look of the plates after the cloning experiment using the plates with sterilized agar. The plates consist of the inactivated ampicillin as it is added to the agar before cooling below 65ºC.

Introduction: The enzymes and bioactive compounds are sensitive to temperature. The activity of these enzymes or proteins is limited within a limited temperature change. The increase in the temperature beyond its denaturation point deactivates the enzyme.

Explanation of Solution

The addition of the ampicillin to the plates should occur below 65ºC. However, ampicillin has been added above 65ºC. Hence, it would be deactivated.

The ampicillin was being added to the agar medium to grow the strains of microbes which are ampicillin resistant. This mistake would lead to the growth of the mixed microbial strains which would consist of both ampicillin resistant strains as well as nonresistant strains.

Hence, both ampicillin resistant and nonampicillin resistant strains of microbes will appear in the colonies formed on the plates.

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Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 21, Problem 1Q

Antibiotics such as ampicillin are inactivated by heating above 65°C. Your friend is working in a lab in which a student preparing agar plates for growing bacteria adds ampicillin before allowing the sterilized agar to cool below 65°C. Your friend performs a cloning experiment using plates made from this agar before the mistake is realized. What do you predict your friend’s plates will look like?

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To determine: The look of the plates after the cloning experiment using the plates with sterilized agar. The plates consist of the inactivated ampicillin as it is added to the agar before cooling below 65ºC.

Introduction: The enzymes and bioactive compounds are sensitive to temperature. The activity of these enzymes or proteins is limited within a limited temperature change. The increase in the temperature beyond its denaturation point deactivates the enzyme.

Explanation of Solution

The addition of the ampicillin to the plates should occur below 65ºC. However, ampicillin has been added above 65ºC. Hence, it would be deactivated.

The ampicillin was being added to the agar medium to grow the strains of microbes which are ampicillin resistant. This mistake would lead to the growth of the mixed microbial strains which would consist of both ampicillin resistant strains as well as nonresistant strains.

Hence, both ampicillin resistant and nonampicillin resistant strains of microbes will appear in the colonies formed on the plates.

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Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To determine: The look of the plates after the cloning experiment using the plates with sterilized agar. The plates consist of the inactivated ampicillin as it is added to the agar before cooling below 65ºC.

Introduction: The enzymes and bioactive compounds are sensitive to temperature. The activity of these enzymes or proteins is limited within a limited temperature change. The increase in the temperature beyond its denaturation point deactivates the enzyme.

Explanation of Solution

The addition of the ampicillin to the plates should occur below 65ºC. However, ampicillin has been added above 65ºC. Hence, it would be deactivated.

The ampicillin was being added to the agar medium to grow the strains of microbes which are ampicillin resistant. This mistake would lead to the growth of the mixed microbial strains which would consist of both ampicillin resistant strains as well as nonresistant strains.

Hence, both ampicillin resistant and nonampicillin resistant strains of microbes will appear in the colonies formed on the plates.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To determine: The look of the plates after the cloning experiment using the plates with sterilized agar. The plates consist of the inactivated ampicillin as it is added to the agar before cooling below 65ºC.

Introduction: The enzymes and bioactive compounds are sensitive to temperature. The activity of these enzymes or proteins is limited within a limited temperature change. The increase in the temperature beyond its denaturation point deactivates the enzyme.

Explanation of Solution

The addition of the ampicillin to the plates should occur below 65ºC. However, ampicillin has been added above 65ºC. Hence, it would be deactivated.

The ampicillin was being added to the agar medium to grow the strains of microbes which are ampicillin resistant. This mistake would lead to the growth of the mixed microbial strains which would consist of both ampicillin resistant strains as well as nonresistant strains.

Hence, both ampicillin resistant and nonampicillin resistant strains of microbes will appear in the colonies formed on the plates.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

To determine: The look of the plates after the cloning experiment using the plates with sterilized agar. The plates consist of the inactivated ampicillin as it is added to the agar before cooling below 65ºC.

Introduction: The enzymes and bioactive compounds are sensitive to temperature. The activity of these enzymes or proteins is limited within a limited temperature change. The increase in the temperature beyond its denaturation point deactivates the enzyme.

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

The addition of the ampicillin to the plates should occur below 65ºC. However, ampicillin has been added above 65ºC. Hence, it would be deactivated.

The ampicillin was being added to the agar medium to grow the strains of microbes which are ampicillin resistant. This mistake would lead to the growth of the mixed microbial strains which would consist of both ampicillin resistant strains as well as nonresistant strains.

Hence, both ampicillin resistant and nonampicillin resistant strains of microbes will appear in the colonies formed on the plates.

Answer 13

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