Chapter 21, Problem 21.49QP

The overall reaction for the electrolytic production of aluminum by means of the Hall process may be represented as

${\text{Al}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}\text{(}s\text{) + 3C(}s\text{)}\to \text{2Al(}l\text{) + 3CO(}g\text{)}$

At 1000°C, the standard free-energy change for this process is 594 kJ/mol. (a) Calculate the minimum voltage required to produce 1 mole of aluminum at this temperature, (b) If the actual voltage applied is exactly three tunes the ideal value, calculate the energy required to produce 1.00 kg of the metal.