EBK PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEER
9th Edition
ISBN: 8220100654428
Author: Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning US
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 21, Problem 21.74CP
(a)
To determine
The average of the velocity
(b)
To determine
The rms velocity is
(c)
To determine
The rms velocity is greater than the average velocity.
(d)
To determine
The condition in which the
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
A hypothetical speed distribution of gas molecules is defined as follows:
P(v) = 0 for 0≤v < vo
P(v) = 0.21 for vo ≤ v << 2vo
P(v) = 0 for 2v0 < v
where P(v) is the probability distribution as a function of speed, v.
a)
Use the normalisation condition to find the value of v.
b)
What percentage of the gas molecules has its speed between vo and/vo?
c)
What percentage of the gas molecules has its speed between 0 and 2 ?
Please Asap
In a certain physical system, there are two energy states available to a particle: the ground state with energy E₁ = 0 eV, and the excited state with energy E₂ = 1.5 eV.
The system is in thermal equilibrium at a temperature T = 300 K.
Calculate the Gibbs factor (also known as the Boltzmann factor) for the excited state .
Give your answer to two decimal places.
Chapter 21 Solutions
EBK PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEER
Ch. 21 - Two containers hold an ideal gas at the same...Ch. 21 - (i) How does the internal energy of an ideal gas...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.3QQCh. 21 - Prob. 21.4QQCh. 21 - Cylinder A contains oxygen (O2) gas, and cylinder...Ch. 21 - An ideal gas is maintained at constant pressure....Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.3OQCh. 21 - A helium-filled latex balloon initially at room...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.5OQCh. 21 - Prob. 21.6OQ
Ch. 21 - A sample of gas with a thermometer immersed in the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.8OQCh. 21 - Which of the assumptions below is not made in the...Ch. 21 - Hot air rises, so why does it generally become...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.2CQCh. 21 - When alcohol is rubbed on your body, it lowers...Ch. 21 - What happens to a helium-filled latex balloon...Ch. 21 - Which is denser, dry air or air saturated with...Ch. 21 - One container is filled with helium gas and...Ch. 21 - Daltons law of partial pressures states that the...Ch. 21 - (a) How many atoms of helium gas fill a spherical...Ch. 21 - A cylinder contains a mixture of helium and argon...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.3PCh. 21 - In an ultrahigh vacuum system (with typical...Ch. 21 - A spherical balloon of volume 4.00 103 cm3...Ch. 21 - A spherical balloon of volume V contains helium at...Ch. 21 - A 2.00-mol sample of oxygen gas is confined to a...Ch. 21 - Oxygen, modeled as an ideal gas, is in a container...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.9PCh. 21 - The rms speed of an oxygen molecule (O2) in a...Ch. 21 - A 5.00-L vessel contains nitrogen gas at 27.0C and...Ch. 21 - A 7.00-L vessel contains 3.50 moles of gas at a...Ch. 21 - In a period of 1.00 s, 5.00 1023 nitrogen...Ch. 21 - In a constant-volume process, 209 J of energy is...Ch. 21 - A sample of a diatomic ideal gas has pressure P...Ch. 21 - Review. A house has well-insulated walls. It...Ch. 21 - A 1.00-mol sample of hydrogen gas is healed at...Ch. 21 - A vertical cylinder with a heavy piston contains...Ch. 21 - Calculate the change in internal energy of 3.00...Ch. 21 - A 1.00-L insulated bottle is full of tea at 90.0C....Ch. 21 - Review. This problem is a continuation of Problem...Ch. 21 - A certain molecule has f degrees of freedom. Show...Ch. 21 - In a crude model (Fig. P21.23) of a rotating...Ch. 21 - Why is the following situation impossible? A team...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.25PCh. 21 - A 2.00-mol sample of a diatomic ideal gas expands...Ch. 21 - During the compression stroke of a certain...Ch. 21 - How much work is required to compress 5.00 mol of...Ch. 21 - Air in a thundercloud expands as it rises. If its...Ch. 21 - Why is the following situation impossible? A new...Ch. 21 - During the power stroke in a four-stroke...Ch. 21 - Air (a diatomic ideal gas) at 27.0C and...Ch. 21 - A 4.00-L sample of a diatomic ideal gas with...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.34PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.35PCh. 21 - Fifteen identical particles have various speeds:...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.37PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.38PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.39PCh. 21 - Consider a container of nitrogen gas molecules at...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.41PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.42PCh. 21 - The law of atmospheres states that the number...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.44APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.45APCh. 21 - The dimensions of a classroom are 4.20 m 3.00 m ...Ch. 21 - The Earths atmosphere consists primarily of oxygen...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.48APCh. 21 - An air rifle shoots a lead pellet by allowing high...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.50APCh. 21 - A certain ideal gas has a molar specific heat of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.52APCh. 21 - Review. Oxygen at pressures much greater than 1...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.54APCh. 21 - Model air as a diatomic ideal gas with M = 28.9...Ch. 21 - Review. As a sound wave passes through a gas, the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.57APCh. 21 - In a cylinder, a sample of an ideal gas with...Ch. 21 - As a 1.00-mol sample of a monatomic ideal gas...Ch. 21 - A sample consists of an amount n in moles of a...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.61APCh. 21 - A vessel contains 1.00 104 oxygen molecules at...Ch. 21 - A pitcher throws a 0.142-kg baseball at 47.2 m/s....Ch. 21 - The latent heat of vaporization for water at room...Ch. 21 - A sample of a monatomic ideal gas occupies 5.00 L...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.66APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.67APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.68APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.69APCh. 21 - On the PV diagram for an ideal gas, one isothermal...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.71APCh. 21 - Review, (a) H it has enough kinetic energy, a...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.73APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.74CPCh. 21 - A cylinder is closed at both ends and has...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Consider an ideal gas containing N atoms in a container of volume Pressure P, and absolute temperature T1 (not to be confused with K. E. T). Use the virtual theorem to derive the equation of state for a perfect gas.arrow_forwardProblem 1: This problem concerns a collection of N identical harmonic oscillators (perhaps an Einstein solid) at temperature T. The allowed energies of each oscillator are 0, hf, 2hf, and so on. a) Prove =1+x + x² + x³ + .... Ignore Schroeder's comment about proving 1-x the formula by long division. Prove it by first multiplying both sides of the equation by (1 – x), and then thinking about the right-hand side of the resulting expression. b) Evaluate the partition function for a single harmonic oscillator. Use the result of (a) to simplify your answer as much as possible. c) Use E = - дz to find an expression for the average energy of a single oscillator. z aB Simplify as much as possible. d) What is the total energy of the system of N oscillators at temperature T?arrow_forwardProblem 6: There are lots of examples of ideal gases in the universe, and they exist in many different conditions. In this problem we will examine what the temperature of these various phenomena are. Part (a) Give an expression for the temperature of an ideal gas in terms of pressure P, particle density per unit volume ρ, and fundamental constants. T = P/( ρ kB ) Part (b) Near the surface of Venus, its atmosphere has a pressure fv= 96 times the pressure of Earth's atmosphere, and a particle density of around ρv = 0.92 × 1027 m-3. What is the temperature of Venus' atmosphere (in C) near the surface? Part (c) The Orion nebula is one of the brightest diffuse nebulae in the sky (look for it in the winter, just below the three bright stars in Orion's belt). It is a very complicated mess of gas, dust, young star systems, and brown dwarfs, but let's estimate its temperature if we assume it is a uniform ideal gas. Assume it is a sphere of radius r = 5.8 × 1015 m (around 6 light years)…arrow_forward
- P2D.8 Use the fact that (∂U/∂V)T = a/Vm2for a van der Waals gas (Topic 1C)to show that μCp,m ≈ (2a/RT) − b by using the definition of μ and appropriaterelations between partial derivatives. Hint: Use the approximation pVm ≈ RTwhen it is justifiable to do so.arrow_forwardYou are studying a gas known as "gopherine" and looking in the literature you find that someone has reported the partition function for one molecule of this gas, 5/2 AzT q(V, T) = ) %3D h?m Assume that the molecules are independent and indistinguishable. Derive the expressions for the energy, (E), for this gas. Give your answers in terms of N, kg, T. V and the constants A and B. O (E) = NkaT ㅇ (E) =D NkaT ㅇ (E) %3D NkaT- O (E) = ANKET - O (E) = - T ㅇ (E)=D 쑤-arrow_forwardConsider the Universe to be spherical, mostly hydrogen gas molecules undergoing adiabatic expansion over its lifetime. a. Using the ideal gas law and properties of adiabatic processes show T V γ − 1= C where C is a constant. b. The current Universe extends at least 15 billion light-years in all directions (r = 1.4 x 1026m), and the current temperature of the Universe is 2.7 K. Estimate the temperature of the Universe when it was the size of a nutshell, with a radius of 2 cm. c. If the density of the gas in the Universe, N/V, is one hydrogen atom per cubic meter, calculate the current pressure of the Universe. d. Estimate the pressure of the Universe when it was the size of a nutshell. (You may get a calculator overflow error)arrow_forward
- The Earth reradiates the energy it receives from the Sun as a black body. We can calculate the effective temperature of the Earth using the Stefan-Boltzmann equation F = sT4 where we solve for the Temperature T. We use for the energy flux the amount of energy absorbed per second Le divided by the Earth's surface area from which the energy is radiated 4pd2 so that the flux is = Le/(4pd2). Here d is the radius of the Earth given above and s is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant. And the effective temperature is:Te4 = (Le/(4pd2))/s = Le/(4spd2) = __________________ K4and taking the square root of Te4 twice in succession we get the effective Temperature Te:Te = [Le/(4spd2)]0.25 = _________________ Kfor the temperature of the effective Earth. What is the temperature in the Celsius scale? __________ C. (Do I need to tell you how to convert from Kelvin to Celsius? If you don't know look it up in your textbook!!)arrow_forwardEx. 48 At what temperature will helium molecules have the same R.M.S. velocity as that of hydrogen at N.T.P. ? (M, = 4, M, = 2)arrow_forwardIn the simple kinetic theory of a gas we discussed in class, the molecules are assumed to be point-like objects (without any volume) so that they rarely collide with one another. In reality, each molecule has a small volume and so there are collisions. Let's assume that a molecule is a hard sphere of radius r. Then the molecules will occasionally collide with each other. The average distance traveled between two successive collisions (called mean free path) is λ = V/(4π √2 r2N) where V is the volume of the gas containing N molecules. Calculate the mean free path of a H2 molecule in a hydrogen gas tank at STP. Assume the molecular radius to be 10-10 a) 2.1*10-7 m b) 4.2*10-7 m c) none of these.arrow_forward
- Show that for an ideal gas (@T/ƏV)u = 0, and (@T/ƏP)H= 0.arrow_forwardIn this problem we will deal with simple thermodynamics model of a black hole. Assume that the properties of a black hole depend only on the mass of the black hole. (a) One characteristic of a black hole is the area of its event horizon. Roughly speaking, the event horizon is the boundary of the black hole. Inside this boundary, the gravity is so strong that even light cannot emerge from the region enclosed by the boundary. We shall write A = G°c®m°. Use dimensional analysis to find a, ß , and y. (b) One quantities in thermodynamics is entropy (S), that measure the disorder of a system. The relationship between entropy S, energy E and temperature 0 of a system is given as follow: = . For black holes, Bekenstein propose that the entropy is proportional the area of the black hole's event horizon S = nA, where n depends on c, k, G and h. Using dimensional analysis determine 7. (c) With the previous results, determine the temperature of the black hole, as a function of the mass. The energy…arrow_forwardSend me solution asaparrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781305952300Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage LearningUniversity Physics (14th Edition)PhysicsISBN:9780133969290Author:Hugh D. Young, Roger A. FreedmanPublisher:PEARSONIntroduction To Quantum MechanicsPhysicsISBN:9781107189638Author:Griffiths, David J., Schroeter, Darrell F.Publisher:Cambridge University Press
- Physics for Scientists and EngineersPhysicsISBN:9781337553278Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningLecture- Tutorials for Introductory AstronomyPhysicsISBN:9780321820464Author:Edward E. Prather, Tim P. Slater, Jeff P. Adams, Gina BrissendenPublisher:Addison-WesleyCollege Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Editio...PhysicsISBN:9780134609034Author:Randall D. Knight (Professor Emeritus), Brian Jones, Stuart FieldPublisher:PEARSON
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781305952300
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Cengage Learning
University Physics (14th Edition)
Physics
ISBN:9780133969290
Author:Hugh D. Young, Roger A. Freedman
Publisher:PEARSON
Introduction To Quantum Mechanics
Physics
ISBN:9781107189638
Author:Griffiths, David J., Schroeter, Darrell F.
Publisher:Cambridge University Press
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Physics
ISBN:9781337553278
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Lecture- Tutorials for Introductory Astronomy
Physics
ISBN:9780321820464
Author:Edward E. Prather, Tim P. Slater, Jeff P. Adams, Gina Brissenden
Publisher:Addison-Wesley
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Editio...
Physics
ISBN:9780134609034
Author:Randall D. Knight (Professor Emeritus), Brian Jones, Stuart Field
Publisher:PEARSON