Interpretation:
The effect on the Grignard reagent in the reaction of one equivalent of methylmagnesium iodide with ethyl acetoacetate is to be explained and the location of deuterium in the recovered ethyl acetoacetate is to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Grignard reagents react with ketones and
The Grignard reagent adds to the carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones due to electronegativity difference between carbon and oxygen.
A molecule that consists of a ketone group on the
Diethyl malonate and ethyl acetoacetate are some examples of
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 21 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEM BUNDLE >BI<
- Following is a synthesis for toremifene, a nonsteroidal estrogen antagonist whose structure is closely related to that of tamoxifen. (a) This synthesis makes use of two blocking groups, the benzyl (Bn) group and the tetrahydropyranyl (THP) group. Draw a structural formula of each group and describe the experimental conditions under which it is attached and removed. (b) Discuss the chemical logic behind the use of each blocking group in this synthesis. (c) Propose a mechanism for the conversion of D to E. (d) Propose a mechanism for the conversion of F to toremifene. (e) Is toremifene chiral? If so, which of the possible stereoisomers are formed in this synthesis?arrow_forwardThe formation of Br2 from NBS first involves the reaction of NBS with HBr to form an iminol intermediate and molecular bromine. The intermediate then undergoes acid-catalyzed tautomerism to form succinimide, the byproduct of the reaction. Propose a curved-arrow mechanism for the conversion of NBS into succinimide that also accounts for the formation of Br2.arrow_forwardThe base-promoted rearrangement of an -haloketone to a carboxylic acid, known as the Favorskii rearrangement, is illustrated by the conversion of 2-chlorocyclohexanone to cyclopentanecarboxylic acid. It is proposed that NaOH first converts the a-haloketone to the substituted cyclopropanone shown in brackets and then to the sodium salt of cyclopentanecarboxylic acid. (a) Propose a mechanism for base-promoted conversion of 2-chlorocyclohexanone to the proposed intermediate. (b) Propose a mechanism for base-promoted conversion of the proposed intermediate to sodium cyclopentanecarboxylate.arrow_forward
- When ethyl bromide is added to potassium tert-butoxide, the product is ethyl tert-butyl ether.(a) What happens to the reaction rate if the concentration of ethyl bromide is doubled?arrow_forwardc) An alkyl halide E, C5H11B1 undergoes hydrolysis to form an alcohol F, C5H120. Alcohol F becomes cloudy immediately when reacted with a Lucas reagent. (i) (ii) Deduce the structures of E and F. State the type of reaction and propose the mechanism for the conversion of E to F. d) Draw the structure of the product formed when 2-bromopropane reacts with the following reagents respectively, (i) (ii) potassium cyanide ethoxide ionarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is correct? A) The haloform reaction proceeds under very difficult conditions and the yield is very low. B) The haloform reaction is used only for the identification of compounds containing secondary alcohol groups. C) Methyl ketones or alcohols are oxidized with halogens in acidic solutions to give carboxylic acids and the appropriate haloform product. D) Enolate anions react rapidly with halogens to give alpha-halocarbonyl compounds.arrow_forward
- a) Cycohexanone reacts with 1,3-propanediol under acid catalysis to form the cyclic acetal. Write down the reaction mechanism and explain why the use of cyclic acetals as protecting groups is preferred over open- chain acetals. b) Eugenol (see below) is made from cloves. Give the structural formulas of the products which are formed after reaction of eugenol with i) BH3, then H2O2 / NaOH or after reaction with ii) acetic anhydride. OH Eugenolarrow_forwardThe following substances can be prepared by a nucleophilic addition reaction between an aldehyde or ketoneand a nucleophile. Identify the reactants from which they were prepared. If the substance is an acetal, identifythe carbonyl compound and the alcohol; if it is an imine or enamine, identify the carbonyl compound and theamine. You do not have to consider stereochemistry. In cases where there is more than one answer, just giveone. Use Grignard reagents when an organometallic reagent is required. Draw the Grignard reagent as acovalent magnesium bromide.arrow_forwardDraw mechanisms for the acetylation of aniline, the bromination of acetanilide and the hydrolysis of 4-bromoacetanilide (REMEMBER: NBS generates bromine in solution) Reagents used: aniline, acetic acid, acetic anhydride to make acetanilide. Then acetanilide dissolved in acetic acid, NBS, aqHBr to make 4-bromoaxetanilinde. Then 4-bromoacetanilinde, EtOh, HCl and NaOH (to neutralise) to make 4-bromoaniline Please include drawings of the mechanisms as well as a written explanation as it helps me process exactly whats going on...arrow_forward
- The following questions concern ethyl (2-oxocyclohexane)carboxylate.(a) Write a chemical equation showing how you could prepare ethyl (2-oxocyclohexane)-carboxylate by a Dieckmann cyclization.(b) Write a chemical equation showing how you could prepare ethyl (2-oxocyclohexane)-carboxylate by acylation of a ketone.(c) Write structural formulas for the two most stable enol forms of ethyl (2-oxocyclohexane)carboxylate.(d) Write the three most stable resonance contributors to the most stable enolate derived from ethyl (2-oxocyclohexane)carboxylate.(e) Show how you could use ethyl (2-oxocyclohexane)carboxylate to prepare 2-methylcyclohexanone.(f) Give the structure of the product formed on treatment of ethyl (2-oxocyclohexane)-carboxylate with acrolein (H2C=CHCH=O) in ethanol in the presence of sodium ethoxidearrow_forwardDraw the Robinson annulation product(s) formed by reaction of 2-acetylcyclopentanone with methyl vinyl ketone (CH2=CHCOCH3).arrow_forwardb) NH2 COOH Aniline Benzoic acid Benzoic acid can be prepared from aniline via aryl diazonium ion. Write a synthetic route for its formation from aniline. Provide appropriate reagents in each step and draw the intermediates.arrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning