Calcium oxide or quicklime
Calculate the yearly release of
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- 62 Ammonium dinitramide (ADN), NH4N(NO2)2, was considered as a possible replacement for aluminium chloride as the oxidizer in the solid fuel booster rockets used to launch the space shuttle. When detonated by a spark, AND rapidly decomposes to produce a gaseous mixture of N2,O2, and H2O. (This is not a combustion reaction. The ADN is the only reactant.) The reaction releases a lot of heat, so the gases are initially formed at high temperature and pressure. The thrust of the rocket results mainly from the expansion of this gas mixture. Suppose a 2.3-kg sample of ADN is denoted and decomposes completely to give N2,O2, and H2O. If the resulting gas mixture expands until it reaches a temperature of 100°C and a pressure of 1.00 atm, what volume will it occupy? Is your answer consistent with the proposed use of ADN as a rocket fuel?arrow_forwardThe citizens of the world burn the fossil fuel equivalent of 7 * 1012 kg of petroleum per year. Assume that all of this petroleum is in the form of octane (C8H18) and calculate how much CO2 (in kg) the world produces from fossil fuel combustion per year. (Hint: Begin by writing a balanced equation for the combustion of octane.) If the atmosphere currently contains approximately3 * 1015 kg of CO2, how long will it take for the world’s fossil fuel combustion to double the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide?arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between associated gas and natural gasarrow_forward
- In Beirut, Lebanon, a storage warehouse with 2750 tonnes of ammonium nitrate exploded damaging the city and killing at least 78 people in August 2020. Pure ammonium nitrate does not explode easily and can be handled safely. It decomposes at 230oC producing nitrous oxide gas (N2O) and water vapor. Give a balanced equation for the decomposition reaction. Above 260oC, if confined and when contaminated, ammonium nitrate will explode forming toxic gases such as NO2, responsible for the ‘orange brown fireball’ that occurred in the explosion. The following equation represents one of the reactions contributing to the explosion: 4NH4NO3(s) → 3N2(g) + 2NO2(g) + 8H2O(g) + 405.6 KJ/mol picture Identify the reaction diagram that shows the reaction above. Make sure to explain why you chose A or B using the concepts of energy of reactants and products.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not true? 1. When conditions are NOX-limited, the excess of VOCs in the atmosphere quickly oxidize available NO to NO2. 2. Reducing the concentration of NOX may lead to an increase in ozone formation when conditions are VOC- limited. 3. Smog episodes are not initiated during nighttime hours, because the hydroxyl radicals necessary to initiate the reactions are formed due to photodecomposition reactions. 4. Photochemical smog never occurs in areas without significant vehicle traffic and power plant emissions. 4. Metropolitan areas surrounded by wooded areas need to focus their smog reduction on limiting NOX concentrations due to the VOCs produced by surrounding trees.arrow_forwardCarbon dioxide, which is recognized as the major contributorto global warming as a “greenhouse gas,” is formedwhen fossil fuels are combusted, as in electrical powerplants fueled by coal, oil, or natural gas. One potential wayto reduce the amount of CO2 added to the atmosphere isto store it as a compressed gas in underground formations.Consider a 1000-megawatt coal-fired power plant that producesabout 6 x 106 tons of CO2 per year. (a) Assumingideal-gas behavior, 1.00 atm, and 27 °C, calculate the volumeof CO2 produced by this power plant. (b) If the CO2 isstored underground as a liquid at 10 °C and 120 atm and adensity of 1.2 g/cm3, what volume does it possess? (c) If itis stored underground as a gas at 30 °C and 70 atm, whatvolume does it occupy?arrow_forward
- How many mols of ozone must decompose to produce 0.870L of oxygen? 2O3 ---> 3O2arrow_forwardAutomobile air bags inflate by a rapid decomposition reaction. One typical compound used is guanidinium nitrate, C(NH2)3NO3, which decomposes very rapidly to form nitrogen, water vapour and carbon. Deduce the equation for the decomposition of guanidinium nitrate. Calculate the total number of moles of gas produced from the decomposition of 10.0 g of guanidinium nitrate. Calculate the pressure, in kPa, of this gas in a 10.0 dm3 air bag at 127°C, assuming no gas escapes.arrow_forwardAutomobile air bags inflate by a rapid decomposition reaction. One typical compound used is guanidinium nitrate, C(NH2)3NO3, which decomposes very rapidly to form nitrogen, water vapour and carbon. Deduce the equation for the decomposition of guanidinium nitrate. Calculate the total number of moles of gas produced from the decomposition of 10.0 g of guanidinium nitrate. Calculate the pressure, in kPa, of this gas in a 10.0 dm3 air bag at 127°C, assuming no gas escapes. Suggest why water vapour deviates significantly from ideal behaviour when the gases are cooled, while nitrogen does not. Another airbag reactant produces nitrogen gas and sodium. Suggest, including an equation, why the products of this reactant present a safety hazard.arrow_forward
- Using car miles per gallon and the miles you drive in 1 week calculate the liters of carbon dioxide you produce when using your car. Compare your miles in February (pre-covid) versus June (post-covid). Assume that your engine combusts at 1.00 atm and 25.0 celsius. Assume that your gasoline is 100% octane (C8H18). You will also need to balance the combustion reaction that occurs in your car engine. You will need to use PV=nRTarrow_forwardExplain the chemistry of the 2020 Beirut explosion.arrow_forward24.00 g of solid calcium carbonate completely decomposes at 579 °C in a 12.000 L sealed vessel. The products of this decomposition are solid calcium oxide and carbon dioxide gas. Note: R = 0.08206 Latm/molK Determine the stoichiometric coefficient of carbon dioxide in the balanced chemical equation. Determine the theoretical yield of carbon dioxide in moles Determine the pressure of carbon dioxide gas produced in this reactionarrow_forward
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