Student Study Guide for Chemistry
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259626616
Author: Julia Burdge
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 21, Problem 4SEPP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The product formed from the
Concept Introduction:
In a balanced radioactive decay ,
And
In the balanced radioactive decay, the subscript present on the individual particles represents the
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Freon-12 (CF₂Cl₂), widely used as a refrigerant and aerosolpropellant, is a dangerous air pollutant. In the troposphere, ittraps heat 25 times as effectively as CO₂, and in the stratosphere,it participates in the breakdown of ozone. Freon-12 is preparedindustrially by reaction of gaseous carbon tetrachloride with hy-drogen fluoride. Hydrogen chloride gas also forms. How manygrams of carbon tetrachloride are required for the production of16.0 dm₃ of Freon-12 at 27°C and 1.20 atm?
From the discussion question from Module 5, recall the chemical equation for the combustion of gasoline (iso-octane, C8H18) is:
2C8H18 + 25O2 ---> 16CO2 + 18H2O
This means that 2 moles of iso-octane combine with 25 moles of CO2 to produce 16 moles of CO2 and 18 moles of water. This is important for understanding the impact of fossil fuel use on the atmosphere because burning one mole of fuel adds a lot of CO2. Thinking about this in terms of the stoichiometry, and change in concentration, suppose we had 1.0 mole of iso-octane dissolved in 1.0 m3 of atmosphere. That means the concentration of carbon-containing molecules would be 1 mole per cubic meter. However, ff we burned all that iso-octane and convert the C8H18 into CO2 the concentration of carbon-containing molecules increases.
How much does the concentration of carbon-containing molecules increase if 1.0 mole of C8H18 in 1.0 m3 of air is converted into CO2 as shown in the chemical equation above?
Good Day, Ive already had the first question answered for me. Can you please help me with 1.2 ?
1.1 It is well-known that te emission of greenhouse gasses such as carbon dioxide presents a very grave threat to the environment. Attempts are ongoing to absorb this gas by several means. One such approach involves the use of vegetation, as plants utilize the gas by means of photosynthesis. One such plant , which has shown great promise, is the "Spekboom"
It has been estimated that fully-grown Spekboom can absorb 3.8 tonnes of carbon per hectare of plants per year.
If the system is fully functional, South Africa can generate 234.5 x 109 kWh of electricity per year.
Assume that 1559 pounds of CO2 is emmited per year per Megawatt-hour of electricity generated in the country.
Determine, by means of the use of conversion factors, how many square kilometres of Spekboom could theoretically absorb all of this carbon dioxide ?
1.2 Consider the molecule, ClPO2 (The Phosphorus atom is the central…
Chapter 21 Solutions
Student Study Guide for Chemistry
Ch. 21.1 - Practice Problem ATTEMPT Calculate the wavelength...Ch. 21.1 - Practice Problem BUILD Which of the following...Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 21.1 - Prob. 1CPCh. 21.1 - Prob. 2CPCh. 21.2 - Practice Problem ATTEMPT which of the following is...Ch. 21.2 - Practice Problem BUILD Both O 2 and O 3 exhibit...Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 21.2 - 21.2.1 What maximum wavelength (in nm) of fight is...Ch. 21.2 - What process gives rise to the aurora borealis and...
Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 1PPACh. 21.3 - Practice Problem BUILD How long will it take for...Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 21.8 - Prob. 1CPCh. 21.8 - Prob. 2CPCh. 21 - Prob. 1QPCh. 21 - Prob. 2QPCh. 21 - Prob. 3QPCh. 21 - Prob. 4QPCh. 21 - Referring to Table 21.1, calculate the mole...Ch. 21 - Prob. 6QPCh. 21 - Prob. 7QPCh. 21 - Calculate the mass (in kg) of nitrogen, oxygen,...Ch. 21 - 21.9 What process gives rise to the aurora...Ch. 21 - Prob. 10QPCh. 21 - The highly reactive OH radical (a species with an...Ch. 21 - The green color observed in the aurora borealis is...Ch. 21 - Prob. 13QPCh. 21 - Prob. 14QPCh. 21 - Prob. 15QPCh. 21 - Prob. 16QPCh. 21 - What causes the polar ozone holes?Ch. 21 - How do volcanic eruptions contribute to ozone...Ch. 21 - Prob. 19QPCh. 21 - Discuss the effectiveness of some of the CFC...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21QPCh. 21 - Prob. 22QPCh. 21 - Prob. 23QPCh. 21 - Prob. 24QPCh. 21 - Prob. 25QPCh. 21 - Prob. 26QPCh. 21 - Prob. 27QPCh. 21 - Prob. 28QPCh. 21 - Prob. 29QPCh. 21 - Prob. 30QPCh. 21 - Prob. 31QPCh. 21 - Prob. 32QPCh. 21 - Describe three human activities that generate...Ch. 21 - Prob. 34QPCh. 21 - Prob. 35QPCh. 21 - Prob. 36QPCh. 21 - What effects do CFCs and their substitutes have on...Ch. 21 - Why are CFCs more effective greenhouse gases than...Ch. 21 - Prob. 39QPCh. 21 - Calcium oxide or quicklime ( CaO ) is used in...Ch. 21 - Prob. 41QPCh. 21 - 21.42 List three detrimental effects of acid...Ch. 21 - 21.43 Briefly discuss two industrial processes...Ch. 21 - Discuss ways to curb acid rain.Ch. 21 - Prob. 45QPCh. 21 - Prob. 46QPCh. 21 - Prob. 47QPCh. 21 - Identify the gas that is responsible for the brown...Ch. 21 - 21.49 The safety limits of ozone and carbon...Ch. 21 - Prob. 50QPCh. 21 - Prob. 51QPCh. 21 - 21.52 The gas-phase decomposition of peroxyacetyl...Ch. 21 - 21.53 On a smoggy day in a certain city. the ozone...Ch. 21 - Prob. 54QPCh. 21 - What is the best way to deal with indoor...Ch. 21 - Why is it dangerous to idle a car's engine in a...Ch. 21 - Prob. 57QPCh. 21 - Prob. 58QPCh. 21 - Prob. 59QPCh. 21 - Prob. 60APCh. 21 - Prob. 61APCh. 21 - Prob. 62APCh. 21 - Prob. 63APCh. 21 - Prob. 64APCh. 21 - 21.65 How are past temperatures determined from...Ch. 21 - The balance between SO 2 and SO 3 is important in...Ch. 21 - Prob. 67APCh. 21 - 21.68 A glass of water initially at pH 7.0 is...Ch. 21 - Prob. 69APCh. 21 - 21.70 Instead of monitoring carbon dioxide,...Ch. 21 - Describe the removal of SO 2 by CaO (to form CaSO...Ch. 21 - 21.72 Which of the following settings is the most...Ch. 21 - Prob. 73APCh. 21 - Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) undergoes thermal...Ch. 21 - Prob. 75APCh. 21 - Prob. 76APCh. 21 - 21.77 The carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere...Ch. 21 - Prob. 78APCh. 21 - Prob. 79APCh. 21 - 21.80 A person was found dead of carbon monoxide...Ch. 21 - Prob. 81APCh. 21 - Prob. 82APCh. 21 - The molar heat capacity of a diatomic molecule is...Ch. 21 - Prob. 84APCh. 21 - Prob. 85APCh. 21 - Prob. 86APCh. 21 - Prob. 1SEPPCh. 21 - Prob. 2SEPPCh. 21 - Prob. 3SEPPCh. 21 - Prob. 4SEPP
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- One of the components of smog is ozone,O3, a colorless, toxic gas. It is a very strong oxidizing agent and causes respiratory illnesses. Ozone is produced in the lower atmosphere due to the catalytic effect of nitric oxide, NO, a byproduct of the combustion process in car engines. However, in the upper atmosphere ozone is a very useful gas, because it absorbs ultraviolet radiation and protects the earth from this high energy, damaging radiation. It is referred to as the ozone layer. This ozone layer is depleted by the catalytic action of gases like Freon, which are commonly used in refrigerators and air conditioners. Chemically these gases are unreactive and rise into the upper atmosphere. The high energy radiation in the upper atmosphere produces very reactive chlorine atoms according to the reaction below: CCl2F2(g) → CClF2(g) + Cl(g) (catalyzed by uv radiation)The following questions refer to the depletion of ozone in the upper atmosphere according to the mechanism shown below:…arrow_forwardThere are many greenhouse gases in our atmosphere besides CO2 which contribute to the greenhouse effect that keeps our Earth warm. In addition, many of these gases undergo reactions in the atmosphere, especially when photolyzed by sunlight. One such example is the collection of gases nicknamed “NOx”, which refers to nitrogen oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). NOx is notorious for the production of ozone (O3) in the troposphere (where ozone contributes to air pollution) and the loss of ozone in the stratosphere (such as the ozone hole in Antarctica that allows harmful UV rays to penetrate to the surface). Imagine you are an environmental chemist trying to better understand the loss of ozone due to the presence of NOx – even in small quantities – in the stratosphere. You set up an experiment in which you have two flasks separated by a valve. Each flask has a pressure of 10 millibar (or 7.50 mmHg) and a temperature of -35.0°C, mimicking the conditions in the middle of the…arrow_forwardCoal-fired power plants emit CO2, which is one of the gases that is of concern with regard to global warming. A technique that power plants can adopt to keep most of the CO2 from entering the air is called CO2 capture and storage (CCS). If the incremental cost of the sequestration process is $0.019 per kilowatt-hour, what is the present worth of the extra cost over a 3-year period to a manufacturing plant that uses 100,000 kWh of power per month? The interest rate is 12% per year compounded quarterly.arrow_forward
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