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(II) The HCl molecule has a dipole moment of about 3.4 × 10−30 C·m. The two atoms are separated by about 1.0 × 10−10 m. (a) What is the net charge on each atom? (b) Is this equal to an integral multiple of e? If not, explain. (c) What maximum torque would this dipole experience in a 2.5 × 104 N/C electric field? (d) How much energy would be needed to rotate one molecule 45° from its equilibrium position of lowest potential energy?
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