Chapter 21.1, Problem 3MI

Summary Introduction

To define:

The terms given in the table. 

Introduction:

Adaptation to environmental changes on Earth to the evolution of plants. Plants are multicellular, non-vascular or vascular photosynthetic. Over time plants developed several adaptations for living on land.

Answer to Problem 3MI

The definition of the terms is given below:

Term	Definition
Stomata	Openings in the lower surface of leaves that enable the exchange of gases.
Vascular tissue	Tissues present in vascular plants composed of tube-like, elongated cells through which food, water and other materials are transported throughout the plant.
Vascular plant	Plants that have vascular tissues that enables growth and survival on land.
Non-vascular plant	Plants which do not have vascular tissues.
Seed	A structure in seed plants that contains an embryo, a food supply and a protective coat to protect the embryo.

Explanation of Solution

Stomata are pores guarded by two kidney shaped cells called guard cells. The guard cells contain chlorophyll. Opening and closing of stomata is controlled by the guard cells. Through stomata gaseous exchange, transpiration occurs.

Vascular tissue is a complex permanent tissue. It is made of more than one cell types. The vascular tissues are the phloem and xylem. These tissues conducts ware, nutrients, and sugar to the different parts of the plants.

Vascular plants have vascular tissues consisting of xylem and phloem for water and nutrient transportation.

Non-vascular plants have plants without vascular tissue. They have simple tissues specialized for internal water transport.

A seed is a small structure which encloses embryonic plant and stored food. It is the product of the ripened ovule of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants.