Bio 121 Campbell Biology Truman College
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781323670637
Author: Urry, Cain
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 21.3, Problem 3CC
WHAT IF? Ø What evolutionary processes might account for prokaryotes having smaller genomes than eukaryotes?
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What poses a problem to
to studying the
phylogenetic relationships between bacteria?
O
The genomes of bacteria are too small to
O
O
study easily with phylogenetics.
Lateral gene transfer makes distantly related
bacteria look closely related
The phylogenies are mismatched due to
conjugation if only one gene is studied
"Bacteria reproduce by binary fission, so
inheritance and evolution are different than
eukaryotes."
"B,C"
EVOLUTION CONNECTION A typical prokaryotic cell has about3,000 genes in its DNA, while a human cell has almost 21,000genes. About 1,000 of these genes are present in both types ofcells. Based on your understanding of evolution, explain howsuch different organisms could have this same subset of 1,000genes. What sorts of functions might these shared genes have?
What are the lineages of the tree of life that we divide into prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes and how are they similar/different?
Chapter 21 Solutions
Bio 121 Campbell Biology Truman College
Ch. 21.1 - Describe the whole-genome shotgun approach.Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.2 - Explain the advantage of the systems biology...Ch. 21.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The ENCODE pilot project found...Ch. 21.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In Concept 20.2, you learned...Ch. 21.3 - The best estimate is that the human genome...Ch. 21.3 - The Genomes Online Database (GOLD) Website of the...Ch. 21.3 - WHAT IF? What evolutionary processes might...Ch. 21.4 - Discuss the characteristics of mammalian genomes...Ch. 21.4 - VISUAL SKILLS Which of the three mechanisms...
Ch. 21.4 - Contrast the organizations of the rRNA gene family...Ch. 21.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Assign each DNA segment at the...Ch. 21.5 - Describe three examples of errors in cellular...Ch. 21.5 - Explain how multiple exons might have arisen in...Ch. 21.5 - What are three ways that transposable elements are...Ch. 21.5 - WHAT IF? In 2005, Icelandic scientists reported...Ch. 21 - How did the Human Genome Project result in more...Ch. 21 - What has been the most significant finding of the...Ch. 21 - Compare genome size, gene number, and gene density...Ch. 21 - Explain how the function of transposable elements...Ch. 21 - How could chromosomal rearrangements lead to the...Ch. 21 - What type of Information can be obtained by...Ch. 21 - Bioinformatics intludes all of the following...Ch. 21 - Homeotic genes (A) encode transcription factors...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 21 - DRAW IT Below are the amino acid sequences(using...Ch. 21 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Genes important in the...Ch. 21 - scientific inquiry The scientists mapping the SNPs...Ch. 21 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 21 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Insects have three...
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- Q The outer layer of the cell walls of yeast often contains polysaccharides called mannans. The precise composition and branching patterns of mannan polysaccharides is different for each yeast species. How could this fact be used to identify different yeasts? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardWould the following ancestral cell have been a prokaryote or an early eukaryote? Briefly explain your answer.arrow_forward(if anyone please help me with all these questions) 2. As eukaryotic cells become more specialized, the nucleus is NOT important as the site of a) DNA synthesis, b) changes in the regulation of genes, c) protein synthesis, d) the transcription of mRNA for protein synthesis, e) DNA mutation. 3. In the evolution of the eukaryotic cell, these cells have key changes that include which of the following: a) These cells reproduce by copying their DNA perfectly each generation. b) They have their DNA in the nucleoid area. c) have adapted the mesosome membrane system of the prokaryote to form a nucleus and an endoplasmic reticulum. d) each new type on new eukaryote cell has its own mesosomes e) none of these are true. 4. The evolution/development of the skeletal system found in the Deuterostomes, is made up of two molecules, Ca+2PO4-2 and collagen These molecules are produced released from by a specialized type of stem cell. Therefore, one would expect that these stem cells perform which…arrow_forward
- Please, help: Question: Evolution of Prokaryote into the Eukaryote cell type. A. What are the significant the significant changes that are represented in the evolution of the prokaryote cell type into the eukaryote cell. B. Why are these changes (major differences) important in the process of evolution of more complex organisms?arrow_forwardWhy is the mitochondria so important to a eukaryoWhich is an example of a prokaryotic cell?tic cell? What is the plasmid in prokaryotes? What is the jelly-like matrix in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes that provides form to the cell and holds many of the organelles? What attribute should a hypothesis contain so that it lends itself to an objective experiment that relies on quantitative observations and data? Which is a properly written hypothesis?Which hypothesis states that no statistical significance exists between the independent and dependent variable? Question options: statistical hypothesis complex hypothesis null hypothesis alternative hypothesis simple hypothesisarrow_forwardmake a drawing of a phylogenetic tree that contains all 3 domains of life. The tree should include at least three different animals, two plants, chemoheterotrophic bacteria, photoautotrophic bacteria, chemoheterotrophic archaea, thermophilic archaea and fungi. Identify both primary endosymbiosis events on the tree and draw a line to connect it to the organism that would become the future organelle.arrow_forward
- Draw phylogenetic tree of the given newick format :((A,B,(C,D)),(E,F))arrow_forwardWhat are the classification categories from broadest to most specific? What is a species? What are the 3 domains? What are the 4 kingdoms in the domain Eukarya and give an example of e What are the classification categories from broadest to most specific? What is a species? What are the 3 domains? What are the 4 kingdoms in the domain Eukarya and give an example of each.? W What are the classification categories from broadest to most specific? What is a species? What are the 3 domains? What are the 4 kingdoms in the domain Eukarya and give an example of each.? What is a binomial name? What is the proper form to write a binomial name? What are the 5 characteristics of living thing? What is the basic unit of organization of all living things? What is the biosphere? What is an ecosystem? hat is a binomial name? What is the proper form to write a binomial name? What are the 5 characteristics of living thing? What is the basic unit of organization of all living things? What is the…arrow_forward. Which of the following prokaryotic kingdoms is characterized by the absence of a nucleus, the absence of histone proteins, the presence of fatty acids ester-linked to glycerol in their G-3-P cell membrane, and the presence of enzymes for constructing a peptidoglycan cell wall? kingdom Archaeobacteria kingdom Animalia kingdom Fungi kingdom Plantae kingdom Eubacteriaarrow_forward
- Genetically speaking, prokaryotes are different from eukaryotes because: a. prokaryotes usually have one main circular chromosome, whereas eukaryotes have multiple linear chromosomes prokaryotes do not usually have histone proteins to package their DNA prokaryotes do not have a nucleus to house their DNA as eukaryotes do prokaryotes have less total DNA than do eukaryotes All of the abovearrow_forwardWhat are the two organelles in eukaryotes that originated from separate endosymbiotic events from bacteria, contain their own DNA, and are semi-autonomous?arrow_forwardDescribe the hypothesized steps in the origin of eukaryotic cells.arrow_forward
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