EBK BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS
15th Edition
ISBN: 8220103633352
Author: Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 21.6, Problem 1CR
Summary Introduction
Calcium and silica cycles are important cycles of aquatic environment, mainly in oceans which act as major reserves of these calcium and silica. In marine environment, these elements get incorporated into the exoskeletons of various microbes.
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The chemical representation of algae is C106H263O110N16P. The Gulf of Mexico contains 0.2 mg/L of nitrogen and 0.08 mg/L of phosphorus.
a.Which is the limiting nutrient for algal growth in the water? Assume all other nutrients are abundant.
b.What will be the mass of algae produced per liter of water (mg/L) in an algal bloom?
c.If the nitrogen source is reduced by 50%, would the algae production also decrease by half?
d.If the phosphorus source is reduced by 50%, would the algae production also decrease by half?
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Chapter 21 Solutions
EBK BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS
Ch. 21.1 - How is new organic matter made in nature?Ch. 21.1 - In what ways are oxygenic photosynthesis and...Ch. 21.1 - What is a methane hydrate?Ch. 21.1 - The oxygen and carbon cycles are interconnected...Ch. 21.2 - Why does Syntrophomonas need a partner organism in...Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 21.2 - What is the final product of acetogenesis?Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 1CRCh. 21.3 - What is nitrogen fixation and why is it important...Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 2MQ
Ch. 21.3 - How does the compound nitrapyrin benefit both...Ch. 21.3 - The principal form of nitrogen on Earth is N2,...Ch. 21.4 - Is H2S a substrate or a product of the...Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 21.4 - Prob. 3MQCh. 21.4 - Bacteria play major roles in both the oxidative...Ch. 21.5 - In what oxidation state is Fe in Fe(OH)3? In FeS?...Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 21.5 - Why is excreted organic matter important to many...Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 21.6 - How does the formation of CaCO3 skeletons by...Ch. 21.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 21.6 - Prob. 1CRCh. 21.7 - What forms of mercury are most toxic to organisms?Ch. 21.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 21.7 - Prob. 3MQCh. 21.7 - Prob. 1CRCh. 21.8 - What is the greenhouse effect and what causes it?Ch. 21.8 - What is the fate of most nitrogen used in...Ch. 21.8 - Why are the OMZs expanding and what are the likely...Ch. 21.8 - Prob. 1CRCh. 21 - Compare and contrast the carbon, sulfur, and...Ch. 21 - 14C-labeled cellulose is added to a vial...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3AQ
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- 4. Energy is always transferred from a. autotrophs to heterotrophs b. heterotrophs to autotrophs c._ autotrophs to decomposersarrow_forwardon k. 7.2 Natural carbon recycling ADVANCED STANDARD Science understanding FOUNDATION bushfire (n) a forest fire that is out of contral Carbon is the basis of all life on Earth. There is a fixed amount of carbon on Earth and this carbon is continuously recycled and reuscu. It takes carbon about 100 million vears to complete one cycle through the lithosphere (rock, soil, land), bydrosphere (oceans, lakes, rivers), the atmosphere and the biosphere. controlled burn In) a supervised fire Carbon stores HINT The Earth's four major carbon stores (or sinks) are-the atmosphere, occans, terrestrial ecosystems (on land) and Earth's crust. 1 Gigatonne = 10 tonne = 10" kg Table 7.2.1 Earth's principal carbon stores in gigatonnes (Gt) Stores of carbon Gigatonnes (Gt) Gigatonnes (Gt) Stores of carbon marine sediments and 3000 sedimentary rocks 66000 000-100 000 000 coal deep oceans soils and organic matter 1600 40 000 surface oceans 1000 oil and gas 300 vegetation 540-610 the atmosphere 750 Plants…arrow_forwardWhy is carbon important to life? What is the role of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle? What is the role of cellular respiration in the carbon cycle? How does the burning of fossil fuels contribute to the carbon cycle? How do death and decomposition contribute to the carbon cycle? Why is nitrogen important to life? How much of the atmosphere is made up of nitrogen gas? Why is N2 (atmospheric nitrogen) not usable by most organisms? What organisms are responsible for nitrogen fixation? How do plants receive the nitrogen that they require? Why are bacteria essential to the carbon and nitrogen cycles?qarrow_forward
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- Hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico is caused by: "An overabundance of unicellular algal growth; these algae eventually die and are degraded and consumed by bacteria, which draws down oxygen concentrations, causing hypoxia." "An abundance of raw sewage that stimulates bacterial growth, which draws down oxygen concentrations, causing hypoxia." "The overuse of chemically produced nitrogen fertilizers, which direct;ly stimulate bacterial growth." "Vigorous storms in the Gulf of Mexico waters, which bring low oxygen waters to the surface. " Choices B and C are true.arrow_forwardThe process whereby oxygen is depleted by the growth of microorganisms due to excess nutrients in aquatic systems is called._______ dead zoning eutrophication retrofication depletionarrow_forwardGiven the requirements for life, how might microbial communities be sustained in the absence of solar energy (please include examples)?arrow_forward
- For every mega joule of energy used by the phytoplankton in a Lake Michigan.How many joules of energy are used in building cell tissue in the lake trout?arrow_forwardChapter 10 of your textbook describes four biogeochemical cycles (some of which might also be called nutrient cycles) which carry elements and compounds essential to life on earth: the oxygen cycle, the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle and the phosphorous cycle. Read the sections in the textbook and refer to the diagrams for each of the cycles.These cycles are constantly going on around us. Think about how we are involved in these cycles. What parts of the major biogeochemical cycles do we witness or experience in our daily lives? Give one example per post or response. Think about where the element or nutrient may have come from or where it may go next and whether the process may have been affected by humans and human activities.A simple example (using the hydrologic cycle, which we studied in Chapter 7): Yesterday I was at the beach and witnessed rain falling into the ocean. This is part of the hydrologic cycle. Most of the rainwater probably came from evaporation of water from the…arrow_forwardOne of the major issues in reducing the production of greenhouse gases is the ability to produce and use alternative fuels such as hydrogen, methane or ethanol. Compare and contrast these options with special regard for how they may be biologically produced.arrow_forward
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