Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 22, Problem 10TYK
Summary Introduction
To review:
Human populations often differ in external morphological characteristics. The basis on which all the human populations are classified as a single species is to be mentioned.
Introduction:
The binomial name for a human being is Homo sapiens. They are present on the earth from approximately 1.9-0.4 million years. The human being is a biological and biosocial organism. Human beings are characterized by their erect posture and their bipedal locomotion.
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Chapter 22 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 22.1 - How do the morphological, biological, and...Ch. 22.1 - What is clinical variation?Ch. 22.2 - What is the difference between prezygotic and...Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 22.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 22.3 - Why might insects from different host races be...Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 22.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 22 - The biological species concept defines species on...Ch. 22 - Prob. 2TYK
Ch. 22 - A characteristic that exhibits smooth changes in...Ch. 22 - Prezygotic is isolating mechanisms: a. reduce the...Ch. 22 - In the model of allopatric speciation, the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 22 - If two species of holly (genus Ilex) flower during...Ch. 22 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 22 - An animal breeder, attempting to cross a llama...Ch. 22 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 22 - Apply Evolutionary Thinking How do human...Ch. 22 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 22 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 22 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 22 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 22 - David Hills of Baylor University noted that three...
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- Consider the following scenario. A large population of lizards occupies an extensive range that is relatively uniform ecologically (i.e., in terms of climate and co-occurring species). At a certain point in time, the ancestral population becomes divided down the middle into two similar-sized portions by a barrier that completely prevents the movement of lizards between the descendant populations. Around the same time, a major flood occurs, and a small number of individuals are swept away from the mainland on floating debris and arrive alive on a small offshore island that has no lizards of this species. The habitat on the island is similar to their homeland, but not identical (the climate is slightly different, many mainland species of plants and animals are absent, and a few island species of plants and animals are different from any present on the mainland. Thus, there are now three separate populations. Compare and contrast the expected evolutionary consequences for these…arrow_forwardSince different species may occupy the same habitat, explain why they continue to remain separate species? Adaptive radiation is when populations diverge from a common ancestor into new species, each of which is adapted to its own unique niche. Provide evidence to highlight an example as to how this may have occurred in some of the species of penguins. What types of biological evidence would you need to look at to determine evolutionary relatedness between penguin species? **ALL ANSWERS ARE ABOUT THE SPECIES OF PENGUINS**arrow_forwardConsider the following scenario. A large population of lizards occupies an extensive range that is relatively uniform ecologically (i.e., in terms of climate and co-occurring species). At a certain point in time, the ancestral population becomes divided down the middle into two similar-sized portions by a barrier that completely prevents the movement of lizards between the descendant populations. Around the same time, a major flood occurs, and a small number of individuals have swept away from the mainland on floating debris and arrive alive on a small offshore island that has no lizards of this species. The habitat on the island is similar to their homeland, but not identical (the climate is slightly different, many mainland species of plants and animals are absent, and a few island species of plants and animals are different from any present on the mainland. Thus, there are now three separate populations. Compare and contrast the expected evolutionary consequences for these…arrow_forward
- Darwin’s finches have different beaks in terms of size and shape to be able to eat different food sources like insects, nectar, and seeds. Cactus finches have longer, more pointed beaks to probe cactus flowers compared to their relatives, the ground finches. If a plant disease killed a large portion of the cacti on the Galapagos islands, what would the future populations of finches look like in terms of beak size and shape? Use your knowledge of natural selection to determine which option is most likely. Ground finches would survive and pass on their shorter and wider beaks, so there would be a higher proportion of finches in future generations that have short and wide beaks. Ground finches would survive and pass on their beaks, but they would mate with the remaining cactus finches, creating a new hybrid that is somewhere between short versus long and narrow versus wide. Cactus finches would compete for food with ground finches and exhibit resource partitioning, so the beaks…arrow_forwardIn one of the hypotheses that explain the extinction of the dinosaurs, the rapid climatic change produced an environmental situation with which these species could not cope. How important is the total amount of variation present in the population if the selective pressures suddenly change? Why?arrow_forwardEusociality was observed to have evolved several times among hymenopteran insects when there is increasing genetic relatedness in a colony. Data from phylogenetic analysis have followed the prediction of inclusive fitness theory that a/an _______ mating system was the ancestral state in all eusocial lineages examined. A. inbreeding-dependent B. polyandrous C. monandrous D. amicticarrow_forward
- In 1847, the German biologist Christian Bergmann noted that mammals and birds living at higher latitudes (farther from the equator) are on average larger and bulkier than related species found at lower latitudes. Suggest an evolutionary hypothesis to explain this observation.arrow_forwardCreate a scenario in which red pandas undergoes a speciation event. Select one of the following mechanisms of evolution - explain the mechanism, what trait it is impacting, and how this results in speciation. Mechanisms: Geographical barriers / Sexual selection / Bottleneck / Artificial selection / Founder effect / Natural selection due to climate change.arrow_forwardDiscuss one of the three models of modern human origins—out-of-Africa, multiregional continuity or the assimilation model. Briefly describe the main aspects of your selected model. Does this model seem like a logical explanation for human origins? Explain.arrow_forward
- Explain the difference between generalized and specialized characteristics. What are examples of each in terms of the adaptive potential? Define the term “adaptive radiation” and explain why it is important to the principle of evolution. Why was adaptive radiation especially important to mammals’ eventual rapid evolutionary success and diversification? What are some of the different groups of mammals?arrow_forwardConsider this example. Shorebirds on the Eastern coast of North America feed on the mollusks and tiny crabs along the shore. Birds with tougher beaks are better adapted to crack open the shells of the mollusks, and birds with sharper beaks are better adapted to pierce the shells of crabs. Over time, the shorebirds become two separate species that no longer breed with one another. What type of speciation has occurred? A. Sympatric speciation B. Adaptive speciation C. Microevolution speciation D. Allopatric speciationarrow_forwardConsider two species that diverged while geographically separated but resumed contact before reproductive isolation was complete. Predict the outcome over time if the two species mated indiscriminately and (a) hybrid offspring survived and reproduced more poorly than offspring from intraspecific matings or (b) hybrid offspring survived and reproduced as well as offspring from intraspecific matings.arrow_forward
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