CAMPBELL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS... >CUSTOM<
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781323753149
Author: SIMON
Publisher: PEARSON C
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Chapter 22, Problem 15TYK
One of the many mutant opponents that the movie monster Godzilla contends with is Mothra, a giant mothlike creature with a wingspan of 7–8 m. Science fiction creatures like these can be critiqued on the grounds of biomechanical and physiological principles. Focusing on the principles of gas exchange that you learned about in this chapter, what problems would Mothra face? Why do you think truly giant insects are improbable?
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One of the many mutant opponents that the movie monster Godzilla contends with is Mothra, a giant mothlike creature with a wingspan of 7-8 m. Science fiction creatures like these can be critiqued on the grounds of biomechanical and physio- logical principles. Focusing on the principles of gas exchange that you learned about in this chapter, what prob- lems would Mothra face? Why do you think truly giant insects are improbable?
How does the concept of partial pressure explain the diffusion of oxygen into our blood stream? Why does this become more difficult at high altitudes?
Explain how CO2 loading and O2 unloading are connected in systemic gas exchange. Make sure to discuss in terms of the Law of Mass Action. Also chloride shift. How does this allow the delivery of oxygen to match the metabolic rate of the tissues? Why would that be important?
Chapter 22 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS... >CUSTOM<
Ch. 22 - Complete the following concept map to review some...Ch. 22 - Label the parts of the human respiratory system.Ch. 22 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 22 - Countercurrent gas exchange in the gills of a fish...Ch. 22 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 22 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 22 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 22 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 22 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 22 - What are two advantages of breathing air, compared...
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- Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across our respiratory surface into and out of the blood via simple diffusion. The respiratory membrane is thin so gases diffuse only a short distance through the liquid and into the blood. Fluid buildup in the lungs increases the distance through the liquid medium. How does this impact the concentration of oxygen in the blood? Explain.arrow_forwardThe movement of gas from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure until the partial pressures in the two areas become equal is caused by ________________. Group of answer choices A the partial pressure gradient B the solubility coefficient C active transport D cellular respirationarrow_forwardXena lights a fire to keep warm, and cook his green root vegetables, which are extremely alkaline. Xena is so hungry, and she is eating all her green root vegetables making her blood quite alkaline for a short time. An example of the O2/Hb dissociation curve is provided below. The central blue line represents ‘normal blood’, and the typical affinity of Hb for O2. Referring to this figure will help you answer the following questions. Describe how the oxygen transporting capacity of haemoglobin will change for a short time in the presence of alkaline blood and explain the consequence of this change to the oxygen supply of peripheral tissues for this short time. Justify your answers.arrow_forward
- Why does altitude have almost no effect on an animal’s ability to rid itself of CO2 through gas exchange?arrow_forwardPlease answer What would be the short-term (within 15 minutes or less) effect on the breathing pattern of a normal, healthy, resting adult if they were forced to breathe through a cylindrical tube 5 cm in diameter and 25 cm long? Explain briefly. You might find some calculations to be helpful; if so, show them. (Assumptions: both nose and mouth fit in the opening to the tube for a more normal interface; the walls of the tube are impermeable to air; the tube is open at both ends; and the tube is straight--no kinks or bends.)arrow_forwardThe concentration of O2 in the atmosphere declines with increasingelevation. Why do you think the times of endurance events at the1968 Olympics, held in Mexico City (elevation: 2200 m), wererelatively slow?arrow_forward
- In addition to O2 binding, changes in other chemical conditions can result in changes in hemoglobin structure and function. Increases in blood H+ result in oxygen binding curves for hemoglobin that are shifted to the right. The effect of H+ can be understood in terms of the equilibrium:H-Hb+ + O2 → Hb-O2 + H+How does the difference in pH in the lungs and tissues help hemoglobin do its job of delivering oxygen? Use the equilibrium equation in your argument.arrow_forwardThe alveoli and blood capillaries make up the gas exchange surface of the lungs, and as the arrows in the diagram (Figure 3) illustrate, this is where oxygen and carbon dioxide move in a particular direction. a) With reference to simple diffusion, explain why oxygen and carbon dioxide move in the directions illustrated by the arrows. b) The gas exchange surface is specifically adapted to maximise the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in these illustrated directions. Explain at least three of these adaptations.arrow_forwardDuring respiration, oxygen is inhaled through the airways into the alveoli where gas exchange occurs. For each condition described below, state if the flux of oxygen through the blood gas barrier into the pulmonary capillaries increases or decreases. Use Fick’s law to justify your answer. a. Climbing to the top of Mt. Everest b. More abundant but smaller alveoli c. Extreme increase in pulmonary capillary pressure d. Pulmonary fibrosisarrow_forward
- The human respiratory systems of humans and grasshoppers have different adaptations to maximise the rate of gaseous exchange. State the similarities and differences between the human respiratory system and the grasshopper breathing system.arrow_forwardWhich of the following conditions DOES NOT cause a “right shift” in the oxygen dissociation curve? A) A decrease in pH (increase in [H +]). B) An increase in [2,3-Di-Phosphoglycerate] (2-3, DPG concentration). C) An increase in body temperature. D) A decrease in oxygen concentration. E) An increase in CO2 concentrationarrow_forwardWhat type of respiration takes place in human muscles during vigorous exercise and why?arrow_forward
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