Principles of Corporate Finance (Mcgraw-hill/Irwin Series in Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781259144387
Author: Richard A Brealey, Stewart C Myers, Franklin Allen
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 22, Problem 18PS
Real options Respond to the following comments.
- a. “You don’t need option pricing theories to value flexibility. Just use a decision tree. Discount the cash f lows in the tree at the company cost of capital.”
- b. “These option pricing methods are just plain nutty. They say that real options on risky assets are worth more than options on safe assets.”
- c. “Real-options methods eliminate the need for DCF valuation of investment projects.”
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Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A.
You invest today only when the NPV of investing today exceeds the value of the option of waiting, which from option pricing theory we know to be always positive.
B.
When you do not have the option to wait, it is optimal to invest in any
positive−NPV
project.
C.
One way to see why you sometimes choose not to invest in a
positive−NPV
project is to think about the decision of when to invest as a choice between two mutually exclusive projects: (1) invest today or (2) wait.
D.
When you have the option of deciding when to invest, it is usually optimal to invest only when the NPV is positive but close to zero.
Which of the below statements is false about real options?
A. Real options increase firm value
B.Investing in a project can be priced as an American call option
C.Abandoning a project can be priced as an American put option
D.Growth options have no impact on the market value of the firm
A. Is selling a put option the same as buying a call option? Explain your answer.
B. What is a market portfolio? How is it related to the concept of diversification? Would an investor who dislikes risk prefer investing in the market portfolio or a single firm´s stocks?
C. What is a production bottleneck? How can a production bottleneck be identified using the simplex method (explain verbally).
D. Which of the following pairs of firms sell competing products? Justify your answer. (You can use the internet to find out what each of these firms does.) (i) NorgesGruppen and Bunnpris (ii) NorgesGruppen and DNB (iii) NorgesGruppen and Equinor (iv) NorgesGruppen and McDonalds (v) NorgesGruppen and Orkla (vi) NorgesGruppen and Salma
Chapter 22 Solutions
Principles of Corporate Finance (Mcgraw-hill/Irwin Series in Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate)
Ch. 22 - Expansion options Look again at the valuation in...Ch. 22 - Prob. 2PSCh. 22 - Prob. 3PSCh. 22 - Prob. 4PSCh. 22 - Prob. 5PSCh. 22 - Prob. 6PSCh. 22 - Real options True or false? a. Real-options...Ch. 22 - Prob. 8PSCh. 22 - Prob. 9PSCh. 22 - Expansion options Look again at Table 22.2. How...
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- Why must real options have positive value? (Select all the choices that apply.) A. Having the real option but not the obligation to act is valuable. B. Real options must have positive value because they can always be sold to recover the initial investment. C. Real options must have positive value because they are only exercised when doing so would increase the value of the investment. D. If exercising the real option would reduce value, managers can allow the option to go unexercised.arrow_forwardArbitrage is the idea that one can (select the best answer): Group of answer choices Buy and Sell different assets or packages of assets at different prices such you can earn a riskless profit without investing any capital. Earn rates of return greater than the average for the market by successfully “picking” stocks. Earn abnormal returns above what CAPM would predict for a particular security.arrow_forwardConsider the following statement about real options: The value of a real option is found by taking the difference between the expected NPV of a project with the option and the expected NPV of the project without the option. True or False: The preceding statement is correct. False True Which type of real option allows a firm to shut down a project if its cash flows are lower than expected? Investment timing option Flexibility option Abandonment option Growth option King Snowplows began operations in New York City two years ago. As an independent contractor, the company does the majority of its business working for the city. The company also had offers from surrounding cities in New Jersey and Long Island, but these offers would have required the company to invest in additional snowplows—which have high up-front costs. King Snowplows decided to purchase only the snowplows necessary to handle its contract with New York…arrow_forward
- Financial advisors generally recommend that their clients allocate more to higher risk–return asset classes (like equities) if their investment horizons are long. Is this advice consistent with the basic M-V model? Does adding a shortfall constraint to the M-V model make a difference? If so, how? If not, why not? Assuming investment opportunities change over time, what type of asset return behavior would justify this advice within the M-V framework?arrow_forward4. Introduction to real options Consider the following statement about real options: Decision tree analysis is more commonly used in valuing securities than real assets. True or False: The preceding statement is correct. True False Which type of real option allows a project to be expanded if demand turns out to be greater than expected? Flexibility option Abandonment option Expansion option Timing option Consider the following example: Smoltz Motors has plants around the country that specialize in specific models of cars. Smoltz has determined that lower demand has led the firm’s inventory of SUVs to be too high. Smoltz wants to stop production for its SUVs and focus on its sedans. This example describes a real option to (expand/ abandon) . Please do not answer in excel, use math formulas Thank you!arrow_forwardWhich of the following will NOT increase the value of a real (call) option? Group of answer choices: A decrease in the probability that a competitor will enter the market of the project in question. An increase in the risk-free rate A decrease in the cost of obtaining the real option Lengthening the time in which a real option must be exercised. A decrease in the volatility of the underlying source of risk.arrow_forward
- After describing the main hypothesis made in the black and Scholes model explain the reasons why the volatility smile (or skew) is showing up in the options markets? Describe three alternative models to the Black and Scholes model (except the sticky delta and the sticky strike methods) and explain/justify how they cope with the phenomenon of volatility skew.arrow_forwardConsider the following two statements concerning risk analysis: 1. Sensitivity analysis provides clear decision rules concerning acceptance or rejection of an investment project. 2. The risk-adjusted discount rate adds a risk premium to the expected rate of inflation to derive a discount rate for investment projects. Which one of the following combinations (true/false) relating to the above statements is correct? Select one: a. Statement 1 is False & Statement 2 True b. Statement 1 is False & Statement 2 False c. Statement 1 is True & Statement 2 is False d. Statement 1 is True & Statement 2 is True e. None of these answers are correctarrow_forwardCompanies often have to increase their initial investment costs to obtain real options. Whymight this be so, and how could a firm decide whether it was worth the cost to obtain agiven real option?arrow_forward
- You have been hired at the investment firm of Bowers Noon. One of its clients doesnt understand the value of diversification or why stocks with the biggest standard deviations dont always have the highest expected returns. Your assignment is to address the clients concerns by showing the client how to answer the following questions: d. Construct a plausible graph that shows risk (as measured by portfolio standard deviation) on the x-axis and expected rate of return on the y-axis. Now add an illustrative feasible (or attainable) set of portfolios and show what portion of the feasible set is efficient. What makes a particular portfolio efficient? Dont worry about specific values when constructing the graphmerely illustrate how things look with reasonable data.arrow_forwardYou have been hired at the investment firm of Bowers & Noon. One of its clients doesn’t understand the value of diversification or why stocks with the biggest standard deviations don’t always have the highest expected returns. Your assignment is to address the client’s concerns by showing the client how to answer the following questions: Write out the equation for the Capital Market Line (CML), and draw it on the graph. Interpret the plotted CML. Now add a set of indifference curves and illustrate how an investor’s optimal portfolio is some combination of the risky portfolio and the risk-free asset. What is the composition of the risky portfolio?arrow_forwardYou have been hired at the investment firm of Bowers Noon. One of its clients doesnt understand the value of diversification or why stocks with the biggest standard deviations dont always have the highest expected returns. Your assignment is to address the clients concerns by showing the client how to answer the following questions: e. Add a set of indifference curves to the graph created for part b. What do these curves represent? What is the optimal portfolio for this investor? Add a second set of indifference curves that leads to the selection of a different optimal portfolio. Why do the two investors choose different portfolios?arrow_forward
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