Concept explainers
A
To explain: Calculate the total cash flow in strategy at different time intervals and as per the given information.
Introduction: An arbitrage strategy is given, first future contract price
A
Answer to Problem 19PS
Thus the final cash after
Explanation of Solution
Given information: Future contract price
There are two future prices with definite time period, initially the cash was zero, after one year it will be
B
To explain: If arbitrage opportunity is none then why profit will be zero at time
Introduction: An arbitrage strategy is given, first future contract price
B
Answer to Problem 19PS
Thus investment at this period is zero and also it is risk free. Hence the total profit also is null when there is no arbitrage opportunity.
Explanation of Solution
Given information: Future contract price
In the absence of the arbitrage opportunity the profit will be zero because investment in time
C
To explain: Establish the relation between
Introduction: An arbitrage strategy is given, first future contract price
C
Answer to Problem 19PS
Hence relation between
Explanation of Solution
Given information: Future contract price
At last stage for profit should be zero at time
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Chapter 22 Solutions
INVESTEMENTS (LL) W/CONNECT <CUSTOM>
- Match the vocabulary below with the following statements. • organized market,• maintenance margin,• standardized contract,• margin call• standardized expiration,• variation margin,• clearing corporation,• open interest,• daily recontracting• interest rate risk• marking to market• cross-hedge• convergence• delta-hedge• settlement price• delta-cross-hedge• default risk of a future• ruin risk• initial margin(a) Daily payment of the change in a forward or futures price.(b) The collateral deposited as a guarantee when a futures position is opened.(c) Daily payment of the discounted change in a forward price.(d) The minimum level of collateral on deposit as a guarantee for a futures position.(e) A hedge on a currency for which no futures contracts exist and for an expiration otherthan what the buyer or seller of the contract desires.(f) An additional deposit of collateral for a margin account that has fallen below itsmaintenance level.(g) A contract for a standardized number of units of a…arrow_forwarda) define the following, and discuss the difference between them at origination, before expiration, and at expiration. ◦forward price and the value of a forward contract ◦futures price and the value of a futures contract b) discuss the assumptions under which futures and forward prices can be considered the same. c) describe how to incorporate discrete and continuous dividends into futures contracts on stocks and stock indices. d) explain and discuss the use of interest rate parity in pricing foreign currency forwards and futures. e) describe how spot prices are determined using the cost-of-carry model.arrow_forwardConsider a stock that pays no dividends on which a futurescontract, a call option, and a put option trade. The maturity date for all three contracts is T, the strikeprice of both the put and the call is K, and the futures price is F. Prove that if K = F, then the price ofthe call option equals the price of the put option.arrow_forward
- A one-year gold futures contract is selling for $1,247. Spot gold prices are $1,200 and the one-year risk-free rate is 2%. a) According to spot-futures parity, what should be the futures price? b) What risk-free strategy can investors use to take advantage of the futures mispricing, and what would be the profits from that strategy?arrow_forwardConsider a stock that pays no dividends on which a futures contract, a call option, and a put option trade. The maturity date for all three contracts is T, the exercise price of both the put and the call is X, and the futures price is F. Show that if X = F, then the call price equals the put price. Use parity conditions to guide your demonstration.arrow_forwardAt time t = 0, a trader takes a long position in a futures contract on stock i that willexpire at time T. the present value of this contract to the long is given by: See Image. Assume no-arbitrage price, briefly descthat if the return from stock i is positively correlated with the overall return on the stock market, then the futures market must be in backwardation at time t = 0.arrow_forward
- The basis is defined as spot minus futures prices. Evaluate which of the following is most likely to contribute to an increase in basis risk. Select one alternative A large difference between the futures prices when the hedge is put in place and when it is closed out. Increased similarity between the underlying asset of the futures contract and the hedger’s exposure. An increase in the time between the date when the futures contract is closed and its delivery month. None of the other answers.arrow_forwardThis question is about futures risk premia. Consider a two period economy.You can buy stocksin period 0, and then sell them in period 1. You can also enter into futures contracts in period 0, whichexpire in period 1. Since buying single-stock futures appears to be a fairly profitable trade, you decide toinvest in a futures strategy. You enter a long futures contract position. You also invest cash in period 0 at the risk-free rate, so you have just enough topay for the futures contract at expiration. You plan to sell the stock just after expiration. What is theexpected return on this trading strategy (in terms of expected period-1 dollars you get, per period-0dollar invested)?arrow_forwardConsider a portfolio that consists of the following four derivatives: 1) a put option written(sold) with strike price K − 5, 2) a call option purchased with strike price K − 5, 3) a call option written(sold) with strike price K + 5, and 4) a put option purchased at strike price K + 5. All options are European.The risk-free rate is rf , the time to expiration is T, the initial stock price is S0, and the stock price atmaturity is ST . What are the payoffs at expiration of this portfolio? What must the price of this portfoliobe?arrow_forward
- Below is a chart with profit/loss on the vertical axis, and the $/£ exchange rate on the horizontal axis. The solid line shows the profit/loss schedule for a: Question 8 options: put option in isolation (e.g. used for speculating that the pound will depreciate) None of the above covered call option (a call option is used as a hedge) covered put option (a put option is used as a hedge)arrow_forwardAt the expiration of a futures contract, futures prices converge to __. a. Option prices b. forward prices c. market prices d. spot pricesarrow_forwardYou are planning to make a hedging. The standard deviation of semiannual changes in a futures price on the gold is $0.96. The standard deviation of semiannual changes of the gold price is $0.87 and the coefficient of correlation between the two changes is 0.9. What is the optimal hedge ratio for a 6-month contract? Choose correct answer: a. The optimal hedge ratio is 0.8352 b. The optimal hedge ratio is 0.1 c. The optimal hedge ratio is 0.9931 d. The optimal hedge ratio is 0.8156arrow_forward