EBK BIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 8220102797352
Author: Raven
Publisher: YUZU
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Chapter 22, Problem 1S
Natural selection can lead to the evolution of prezygotic isolating mechanisms, but not postzygotic isolating mechanisms. Explain.
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Give an example of each of the following evolutionary forces: mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, and nonrandom mating.
What is the key difference between prezygotic and postzygotic isolating mechanisms? Give an example of each type. Which type is more costly from the perspective of energy?
Refer to the figure above. In their investigation of natural selection on Mc1r alleles (the gene that determines coat color) in Arizona pocket mice, Hoekstra et al. determined the frequency of the D and d alleles in each population. They also determined the frequency of alleles for two neutral mitochondrial DNA genes (genes that do not affect and are not linked to coat color). Why did the researchers include the mitochondrial DNA genes as part of their experimental design?
Allele change for the neutral mitochondrial genes serves as an experimental group and gives information on any general background genetic difference among these populations.
Allele change for the neutral mitochondrial genes serves as a control and determines coat-color differences among these populations.
Allele change for the neutral mitochondrial genes serves as an experimental group and gives information on coat-color differences among these populations.
Allele…
Chapter 22 Solutions
EBK BIOLOGY
Ch. 22 - Prezygotic isolating mechanisms include all of the...Ch. 22 - Reproductive isolation is a. a result of...Ch. 22 - Problems with the biological species concept...Ch. 22 - Prob. 4UCh. 22 - Prob. 5UCh. 22 - Prezygotic isolation a. always involves mechanisms...Ch. 22 - Speciation by allopolyploidy a. takes a long time....Ch. 22 - Adaptive radiation a. is the result of enriched...Ch. 22 - Prob. 9UCh. 22 - Character displacement a. arises through...
Ch. 22 - Prob. 11UCh. 22 - If reinforcement is weak and hybrids are not...Ch. 22 - Natural selection can a. enhance the probability...Ch. 22 - Hybridization between incompletely isolated...Ch. 22 - Natural selection can lead to speciation a. by...Ch. 22 - Natural selection can lead to the evolution of...Ch. 22 - If there is no universally accepted definition of...Ch. 22 - Refer to figure 22 6 In Texas. Drummond s phlox is...Ch. 22 - Refer to figure 22.16. Geospiza fuliginosa and...
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- There are three modes of natural selection: stabilizing selection, directional selection and diversifying/ disruptive selection. Describe each mode and explain how each mode affects the evolution of a population.arrow_forwarda) Name and define the evolutionary processes that cause change in allele frequencies acrossgenerations. b) Describe how each process is expected to change allele frequencies across generations,including the following terms as appropriate:- genome-wide effects, loci-specific effects advantageous, deleterious, neutral- population size- speed of evolutionary changearrow_forwardExplain how natural selection might be responsible for the PTC taster polymorphism.Why might some populations have a higher frequency of the taster allele than others?arrow_forward
- Give one example of how allele frequencies change from one generation to the next due to mutation, migration, genetic drift, nonrandom mating, and selection.arrow_forwardEvolution is driven by both nonrandom and random mechanisms. Identify the mechanisms of evolution that are random and comment on how they affect allele frequencies across generations.arrow_forwardWould each of the following examples of reproductive isolation be considered a prezygotic or postzygotic mechanism? A. Horses and donkeys can interbreed to produce mules, but the mules are infertile. B. Three species of the orchid genus Dendrobium produce flowers 8 days, 9 days, and 11 days after a rainstorm. The flowers remain open for 1 day. C. Two species of fish release sperm and eggs into seawater at the same time, but the sperm of one species do not fertilize the eggs of the other species. D. Two tree frogs, Hyla chrysoscelis (diploid) and Hyla versicolor (tetraploid), can produce viable offspring, but the offspring are sterile.arrow_forward
- According to the Hardy-Weinberg law of equilibrium: Question 1 options: A) In absence of mutation and natural selection, the frequencies of the genotypes will remain stable because no evolutionary change takes place. B) In absence of gene flow, the frequencies of the genotypes will remain stable because no evolutionary change takes place. C) In absence of genetic drift, the frequencies of the genotypes will remain stable because no evolutionary change takes place. D) All of the above. E) None of the above.arrow_forwardWhich of the following forms of reproductive isolation illustrates a prezygotic barrier to gene flow? O Species A forms hybrids with species B and the hybrids are able to breed back with either of the two parent species to produce healthy fertile offspring. O Two closely related birds, the lazuli bunting and indigo bunting, sing similar songs to attract mates and even though human ears can not distinguish them the females never make wrong choices in choosing who to mate with. O Two species of turtles living in a large lake have different ecological requirements and never interact. O Several species of corrals in a Honduras corral reef release gametes about the same time but inter- specific attraction of gametes does not occur. O All but one of these illustrates a type of prezygotic barrier to gene flow.arrow_forwardConsider the roles of different types of selective pressure. Part A: Compare and contrast sexual selection, artificial selection, and natural selection. Part B: Give examples of traits that may be favored in sexual selection, artificial selection, and natural selection. For each, explain if the trait would be favored by one type of selection but selected against by another type of selection. BI 1000 MacBook Air O00 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 $ % & * 2 3 4 6.arrow_forward
- An event occurs where a large population of photosynthetic sun-basking sharks move to a new geographical location, and are unable to return. In their new location, they must rely much more on consuming fish for nutrients, as there are less available places to bask/rest, and higher risk for hunting if they remain at the surface for long periods of time. What type of prezygotic isolating mechanism occurred? In 100 years, how do you think the relocated sharks will differ physically from the original population? Give at least 2 features and explain why you think so.arrow_forwardWhich microevolutionary force typically changes genotype frequencies without changing allele frequencies? Explain.arrow_forwardWhen we take, say, 100 individuals of a species of beetle from the wild and place them in a new environment that is not so different that they are unable to thrive but different enough so that they are experiencing a new selective regime, say, a lower temperature, what typically happens? A - Sexual selection causes some larvae to be able to survive in the cooler temperatures and other individuals to be unable to survive because they need warmer temperatures. B - We are unable to measure phenotypic selection, presumably because we do not have much variation among individuals for how they handle temperature. C - The founder event assures us that the new population will be strictly representative of the source population (especially if we took all the 100 from the same location rather that from throughout the range of the species). D - The population evolves to be tolerant of the lower temperature; it can do this because of latent variation already in the 100 founding individuals. E -…arrow_forward
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