Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
From the given data, compound with highest ionic character, ion with least ionic radius, atom with greatest ionization energy and oxide having high acidic character has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Ionic character: Higher the electronegativity difference between the two atoms will results the bond is more polar (ionic).
To identify: The compound having highest ionic character
(b)
Concept introduction:
Ionic radius: The radius of an ion is known as its ionic radius. It may be a cation or an anion.
To identify: The ion having least ionic radius
(c)
Concept introduction:
Ionization energy: In gas phase, the smallest amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom is known as ionization energy.
To identify: The atom having highest ionization energy
(d)
Concept introduction:
Acidic oxides: these are the oxides which forms acid with water and forms salt with base.
To identify: The most acidic oxide from the given set of oxides
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Chapter 22 Solutions
CHEMISTRY 4
- Boric acid, B(OH)3, is an acid that acts differently from the usual Brønsted-Lowry acids. It reacts with water according to B(OH);(aq) + 2 H,0(€)2B(OH), (aq) + H;O* (aq) K, = 5.8 × 10¬10 (a) Draw Lewis structures for B(OH); and B(OH)4. Can these be described as Lewis acids or Lewis bases? (b) Calculate the pH of a 0.20 M solution of B(OH)3(aq).arrow_forwardAmong the following Lewis acids, which has the maximum electron-acceptor character? (a) PCl3 (b) PCl,R (c) PF3 (d) PCIR,arrow_forwardI was instructed to balence the equation of HCl(aq) + NaHCO3(aq) which yields to H20(l) + CO2(g) +NaCl(aq). However, I am pretty sure this equation is already balenced, but I am confused.arrow_forward
- Ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, is a very soluble salt in water.(a) Draw the Lewis structures of the ammonium and chlorideions. (b) Is there an N—Cl bond in solid ammonium chloride?(c) If you dissolve 14 g of ammonium chloride in 500.0 mLof water, what is the molar concentration of the solution?(d) How many grams of silver nitrate do you need to add tothe solution in part (c) to precipitate all of the chloride as silverchloride?arrow_forwardCompounds such as NaBH4, Al(BH4)3, and LiAlH4 are complex hydrides used as reducing agents in many syntheses. (a) Give the oxidation state of each element in these compounds. (b) Write a Lewis structure for the polyatomic anion in NaBH4, and predict its shape.arrow_forwardCompounds such as NaBH₄, Al(BH₄)₃, and LiAlH₄ arecomplex hydrides used as reducing agents in many syntheses.(a) Give the oxidation state of each element in these compounds.(b) Write a Lewis structure for the polyatomic anion in NaBH₄,and predict its shape.arrow_forward
- Account for the following: (i) NH3 is a stronger base than PH3. (ii) Sulphur has a greater tendency for catenation than oxygen. (iii) Bond dissociation energy of F2 is less than that of Cl?arrow_forward(a) Which poisonous gas is evolved when white phosphorus is heated with Cone. NaOH solution? Write the chemical equation. (b) Write the formula of first noble gas compound prepared by N. Bartlett. What inspired N. Bartlett to prepare this compound? (c) Fluorine is a stronger oxidising agent than chlorine. Why? (d)Write one use of chlorine gas.arrow_forwardQ.5(a) The alkali metals follow the noble gases in their atomic structure. What properties of these metals can be predicted from this information? (b) Arrange the carbonates of alkaline earth metals in order of thermal stability. (c) Explain the process involved in the manufacture of NaOH, Na2CO3 and NaHCO3. (d) Identify the element X in each of the following: (i) The oxide of XO2 has a high M.P., and is very abundant in nature. (ii) X forms three oxides: XO, XO2, X3O2. (iii) X forms compounds mainly in the +2 O.S., though some compounds in +4 state do exist. (iv) X occurs as several allotropes, including a molecular one. (e) Borazine reacts with three mole equivalents of HCl to give a material with chemical composition B3N3H9C13. (i) What is the structure of product? (ii) How does the isoelectronic benzene react with HCl? (f) Explain why bond length in NO (115 pm) is longer than that in nitrosonium ion (106 pm)?arrow_forward
- The first four ionization energies of an element X are 578, 1817, 2745, and 11,577 kJ·mol–1. What is the most likely formula for the most stable ion of Xarrow_forwardWrite the reaction quotient, Qc, for each of the following reactions:(a) The first step in nitric acid production, NH3(g) + O2(g) ⇌ NO(g) + H2O(g)(b) The disproportionation of nitrogen monoxide, NO(g) ⇌ N2O(g) + NO2(g)arrow_forward2. Calculate AH for the reactions represented by the following equations: (a) 2 H,(g) + 0,(g)→ 2 H,O(1) (b) C(s) + 0,(g) Co,(g) (c) 2 H,O(1)→2 H,(g) + 0,(g) d) C,H,OH() + 30,(g)→2 CO, + 3 H,0(1) ->arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning