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Concept explainers
Concept introduction: Food processing has several steps: ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination. The processing of food begins with the ingestion of food. Digestion is the second stage in which food is broken down into small molecules. The process of digestion involves the extracellular digestion and intracellular digestion. Food vacuoles are cellular organelles in which hydrolytic enzymes break down food.
Extracellular digestion takes place in the alimentary canal tube where large food particles are broken down into smaller particles. Absorption takes place mainly in the small intestine. The alimentary canal ends with the large intestine. This includes the colon, cecum, and rectum. The colon completes with the recovery of water that begins in the small intestine. The undigested food remains as feces, which is eliminated out of the body.
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Chapter 22 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (5th Edition)
- Two general roles for nutrients are to provide_____and______ . Nutrients required in small amounts that often assist in enzyme function are called _______. Nutrients that are elements are called________ . Nutrients that cannot be synthesized by the body are called_______ nutrients.arrow_forwardDefine malnutrition and identify a specific disease that can result from it. Perform library research about the selected disease, and explain its physiological effects on a person's body. Describe the relationship between specific foods/nutrients and the disease. Use the questions below to guide your response. Does research indicate that a lack of specific foods/nutrients increase a person's chance of contracting the disease? Are there specific foods/nutrients that should be avoided by an individual afflicted with the disease? How do specific foods/nutrients work physiologically within the body to help combat the disease? Evaluate nutritional recommendations to help combat the disease. Cite at least 3 credible references and present the resources in APA format on the References page.arrow_forwardVitamin D deficiency can often be found as a single nutrient deficiency, that is, in an otherwise well-nourished person. Which of the following is the most likely reason? Question 100 options: a) Most vitamin D in the body does not come from natural sources in food, so access to food is not an important determinant of vitamin D status b) The individual has decreased intrinsic factor in the stomach c) Diets containing sufficient nutrients to promote growth can increase the requirements for vitamin D d) The content of vitamin D in foods depends on the soil in which the food was grownarrow_forward
- Choose one organ of the human digestive, absorptive, and transport system. Tell us with detail the function and importance of your chosen organ, wherein the body can be found, and what can go wrong if it's not treated properly through proper diet and lifestyle.arrow_forwardWhich of the following digestive system structures is greatly expanded in size in HERBIVORES, resulting in a very large surface area for microbes to digest plant material? Group of answer choices rumen stomach cecum gall bladderarrow_forwardChemical digestion of macromolecules requires _____ and ______.arrow_forward
- For each of the following organs, describe its products (enzymes or other secretions) and how the product gets into the digestive tract (part of the tract that it empties into): Organ Product (i.e enzyme/secretion) Delivered to (where in the GI tract does it go) Salivary Glands Pancreas Liverarrow_forwardNutrition plays a vital role in a person's overall health and well-being. Not getting enough of the recommended nutrients over the long term can lead to malnutrition which often results in disease and illness. In a 3-page paper, written in APA format using proper spelling/grammar, address the following: Define malnutrition and identify a specific disease that can result from it. Perform library research about the selected disease and explain its physiological effects on a person's body. Describe the relationship between specific foods/nutrients and the disease. Use the questions below to guide your response. a) Does research indicate that a lack of specific foods/nutrients increase a person's chance of contracting the disease? b) Are there specific foods/nutrients that should be avoided by an individual afflicted with the disease? c) How do specific foods/nutrients work physiologically within the body to help combat the disease? Evaluate nutritional recommendations to help…arrow_forwardDirection: Choose the correct letter as the correct answer in each number. It’s only multiple choice. No need to explain each answer. You must only provide answer in number 1 to 3. It’s not incomplete. Thank you in advance. 1) Which of the following is the function of large intestine? a. It participates in cellulose digestion by microbes that exist in thecaecum of herbivores. b. Its cells absorb salts and water that remain in chyme left after itleaves the small intestine. c. It stores and concentrates fecal material. d. All of the above. 2)It is also used to insulate nervous tissues and serves as an energysource. a. Carbohydrates b. Fats c. Minerals d. Proteins 3)It is the process that converts food substances into living matter. a. Diet b. Vitamins c. Metabolism d. Nutritionarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements best describes chylomicrons? A type of lipoprotein that transports lipids from the small intestine to body cells. A byproduct of fat metabolism that results in fatty acids that are then transported to the body cells. A type of cholesterol that transports lipids from the small intestine to body cells. An enzyme from the liver that breaks down triglycerides and transports fatty acids to the body cells.arrow_forwardDescribe a meal that you either ate or cooked recently. For this meal, briefly describe 4 different macronutrients or micronutrients that were a major part of that meal, which food item or ingredient they were found in , and the function that those nutrients played in the body . This can be done as a list in point form.arrow_forwardIn order for the food to be processed and absorbed in an optimal way, there are several feedback mechanisms. One of the most important starts when the food reaches the small intestine, this is sometimes also called the intestinal phase. Describe what happens if the food that reaches the duodenum contains a lot of fat and a lot of protein. The answer must include: Which different mechanisms are affected by the respective stimuli (fat and protein) and how (increases or decreases the activity). What cell type senses stimuli and how these cells react. Which different signaling pathways (including the signaling substances involved) control the different mechanisms that are affected by the respective stimuli. Feel free to draw.arrow_forward