EBK HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780133983401
Author: Silverthorn
Publisher: YUZU
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 22, Problem 5CC
Summary Introduction
To determine: A complete balanced equation of aerobic
Introduction: The metabolic pathway which yields lactic acid or pyruvate from the glucose molecule is known as glycolysis. The product obtained from the process of glycolysis is based on the presence or absence of oxygen.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
How many ATP are produced from a triglyceride containing three 14 carbon fatty acids?
NOTE: Assume that glycerol is converted to Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate (step 6 of glycolysis).
The glucose/glucose-6-phosphate substrate cycle involves distinct
reactions of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis that interconvert these
two metabolites. Assume that under physiological conditions,
[ATP] = [ADP]; [P;] = 1 mM.
Consider the glycolytic reaction catalyzed by hexokinase:
ATP + glucose ADP + glucose-6-phosphate
AG = - 16.7 kJ/mol
(a) Calculate the equilibrium constant (K) for this reaction at 298°K,
and from that, calculate the maximum [glucose-6-phosphate]/
Iglucose] ratio that would exist under conditions where the reaction is
still thermodynamically favorable.
(b) Reversal of this interconversion in gluconeogenesis is catalyzed
by glucose-6-phosphatase:
glucose-6-phosphate + H20 = glucose + P
AG" = -13.8 kJ/mol
Consider ten glucose molecules that enter a cell. How many ATP can be generated by the complete catabolism of these into CO2 and H2O? If all ten are first incorporated into glycogen, liberated from glycogen, and then fully catabolized into CO2 and H2O, does the ATP tally increase, decrease or stay the same? Consider that 1 UTP = 1 ATP. Explain. Describe the processes which produce ATP and provide a balanced equation of glucose, CO2, H2O and O2
Chapter 22 Solutions
EBK HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
Ch. 22 - Explain the roles of the satiety and feeding...Ch. 22 - Name the four layers of the GI tract wall,...Ch. 22 - Prob. 3CCCh. 22 - Prob. 4CCCh. 22 - Prob. 5CCCh. 22 - Prob. 6CCCh. 22 - Prob. 7CCCh. 22 - Prob. 8CCCh. 22 - Use your understanding of digestive physiology to...Ch. 22 - Prob. 10CC
Ch. 22 - Prob. 11CCCh. 22 - Prob. 12CCCh. 22 - What are the primary target tissues for insulin?Ch. 22 - Why are glucose metabolism and glucose transport...Ch. 22 - What is the advantage to the body of inhibiting...Ch. 22 - Prob. 16CCCh. 22 - Prob. 17CCCh. 22 - Prob. 18CCCh. 22 - Prob. 19CCCh. 22 - Prob. 20CCCh. 22 - Prob. 21CCCh. 22 - Prob. 22CCCh. 22 - Prob. 23CCCh. 22 - Prob. 24CCCh. 22 - Define metabolic, anabolic, and catabolic...Ch. 22 - Prob. 2RQCh. 22 - Prob. 3RQCh. 22 - Prob. 4RQCh. 22 - Define basal metabolic rate (BMR). Under what...Ch. 22 - Prob. 6RQCh. 22 - Prob. 7RQCh. 22 - What is a nutrient pool? What are the three...Ch. 22 - Prob. 9RQCh. 22 - Prob. 10RQCh. 22 - Prob. 11RQCh. 22 - Name the two hormones that regulate glucose...Ch. 22 - Which noncarbohydrate molecules can be made into...Ch. 22 - Under what circumstances are ketone bodies formed?...Ch. 22 - Name two stimuli that increase insulin secretion,...Ch. 22 - Prob. 16RQCh. 22 - What factors release glucagon? What organ is the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 18RQCh. 22 - Prob. 19RQCh. 22 - Prob. 20RQCh. 22 - Prob. 21RQCh. 22 - Prob. 22RQCh. 22 - Prob. 23RQCh. 22 - Prob. 24RQCh. 22 - Explain the current theory of the control of food...Ch. 22 - Prob. 26RQCh. 22 - Scott is a bodybuilder who consumes large amounts...Ch. 22 - Prob. 28RQCh. 22 - Prob. 29RQCh. 22 - One of the debates in fluid therapy for diabetic...Ch. 22 - Prob. 31RQCh. 22 - Prob. 32RQ
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Which of the following is the correct summary of phase II of glycolysis for each molecule of glucose? Glucose + ATP ⟶ Glyceraldehy-3-phosphate + ADP Glucose + 2 ATP ⟶ 2(Glyceraldehy-3-phosphate) + 2 ADP Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + NAD+ + ADP + Pi ⟶ 3-phosphoglycerate + NADH + H+ + ATP 2(3-phosphoglycerate) + 2ADP ⟶ 2 pyruvate + 2ATP 2(Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) + 2NAD+ + 2ADP + 2Pi ⟶ 2(3-phosphoglycerate) + 2NADH + 2H+ + 2ATParrow_forwardWhat terms would best describe the above coupled reaction? (If the DGo for ATP hydrolysis into ADP + inorganic phosphate is -7.3 kcal/mole, and the DGo for maltose synthesis from glucose + glucose is +3.7 kcal/mole, calculate the standard free energy change for the combined reaction of ATP + glucose + glucose g ADP + maltose + inorganic phosphate.) it is non-spontaneous and endothermic (because the overall DGo is negative) it is spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is negative) it is non-spontaneous and endothermic (because the overall DGo is positive) it is spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is positive) it is non-spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is negative)arrow_forwardIndicate the energy yield or cost, in ATP equivalents, for the following processes: (a) glycogen (3 residues) → 6 pyruvate. (b) 3 glucose → 6 pyruvate(c) 6 pyruvate → 3 glucose.arrow_forward
- In metabolism, glucose-6- phosphate (G6P) can be used for glycogen synthesis or for glycolysis, among other fates. What does it cost, in terms of ATP equivalents, to store G6P as glycogen, rather than to use it for energy in glycolysis? Hint: The branched structure of glycogen leads to 90% of glucose residues being released as glucose1-phosphate and 10% as glucose.arrow_forwardThe enzyme aldolase catalyzes the reaction shown in the glycolytic pathway: Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate dihydroxyacetone phosphate + glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate The AG" for the reaction is +23.8 kJ mol¯¹ (+5.7 kcal mol−¹), whereas the AG in the cell is −1.3 kJ mol¯¹ (−0.3 kcal mol¯¹). Calculate the ratio of products to reactants under standard (equilibrium) conditions at 37°C. [products] [reactants] 7 x10-5 [products] [reactants] Incorrect Aldolase ===== Calculate the ratio of products to reactants under intracellular conditions at 37°C. 4 ×10-5 Incorrect Complete the statement using your results. under standard conditions under intracellular conditions A reaction that is endergonic under standard conditions can be converted into an exergonic reaction by maintaining the ratio of products to reactants below the equilibrium value.arrow_forwardThe ΔG of the following reaction is –2.8 kcal/mol: acetyl phosphate + ADP ↔ acetate + ATP Is ADP greater than, lesser than, or equal to acetate in its affinity for phosphate? If there were no fermentation when molecular oxygen is unavailable (anaerobic respiration), how would this affect glycolysis? Briefly explain your answer.arrow_forward
- In which of the following metabolic conversions is ATP “generated” during glycolysis? Phosphoenolpyruvate -> pyruvate 2-Phosphoglycerate —> Phosphoenolpyruvate Glucose-6-phosphate —> Fructose-6-phosphate Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate —> Dihydroxyacetone phosphate + Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Fructose-6-phosphate —> Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatearrow_forwardIn which of the following metabolic conversions is ATP “generated” during glycolysis? Glucose —> Glucose-6-phosphate 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate —> 3-Phosphoglycerate Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate —> Dihydroxyacetone phosphate + Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Glucose-6-phosphate —> Fructose-6-phosphate 2-Phosphoglycerate —> 3-Phosphoglyceratearrow_forwardThe final step in the pathway for the synthesis of glucose from lactate (gluconeogenesis) is: Glucose-6-phosphate + H20 5 Glucose + Pi When glucose-6-phosphate is incubated with the proper enzyme and the reaction runs until equilibrium has been reached, the final concentrations are found to be: glucose-6-phosphate (0.035 mM), glucose (100 mM), and Pi (100 mM). Calculate AG" at 25°C and pH 7. 10:21 PM 4/21/2021 F5 F6 F7 F8 F10 F9 7 8. Backspace ー のarrow_forward
- Myristoleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid found in small amounts in a variety of foods. Calculate the net ATP yield from the complete β-oxidation of myristoleic acid. The formula of myristoleic acid is shown below (it is assumed that the total ATP production is the same for both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids having the same carbon chain length). CH3-(CH2)3-CHCH-(CH2)7-COOH (Given: The oxidation of one NADH yields 2.5 ATP; the oxidation of one FADH2 yields 1.5 ATP; and the oxidation of one acetyl CoA yields 10 ATP. ) Group of answer choices a. 96 ATP b. 92 ATP c. 94 ATP d. 34 ATP e. 36 ATParrow_forwardIn metabolism, glucose-6-phosphate (G6P)can be used for glycogen synthesis or for glycolysis, among otherfates. What does it cost, in terms of ATP equivalents, to storeG6P as glycogen, rather than to use it for energy in glycolysis?Hint: The branched structure of glycogen leads to 90% of glucose residues being released as glucose-1-phosphate and 10%as glucose.arrow_forwardGlycogen phosphorylase catalyzes the inorganic phosphate-mediated removal of glucose from glycogen (glycogen, to glycogenn-1), allowing the production of glucose 1- phopshate. The DG° for this reaction is +1.6 kJ/mol and R=8.31 J.mol1.K1 (Hint: The removal of glucose units from glycogen does not change the glycogen concentration at equilibrium or physiological conditions). 1- Write down the net equation of the reaction. 2- Calculate the [Pi]/[glucose 1-phosphate] ratio at the equilibrium at 25°C. 3- The ratio [Pi]/[glucose 1-phosphate] of this reaction is equal to 100 in the skeletal muscle under physiological conditions. 3a- Calculate the DG' of the reaction under physiological conditions at 25°C. 3b- What is the direction of this reaction under physiological conditions in the skeletal muscle?.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education