Foundations of Astronomy
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781305079151
Author: Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 22, Problem 5P
Calculate the velocity of Venus as it orbits the Sun. (Hint: Use the formula for circular velocity, Eq. 5-1a.) (Note: Necessary data are given in the Celestial Profiles for the Sun in Chapter 8 and Venus in this chapter.)
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Venus can be as bright as apparent magnitude -4.7 when at a distance of about 1 AU. How many times fainter would Venus look from a distance of 5 pc? Assume Venus has the same illumination
phase from your new vantage point. (Hints: Recall the inverse square law; also, review the definition of apparent visual magnitudes. ote: 1 pc = 2.1 x 10° AU).
times fainter
What would its apparent magnitude be?
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The Mars Robotic Lander for which we are making these calculations is designed to return samples of rock from Mars after a long time of collecting samples, exploring the area around the landing site, and making chemical analyses of rocks and dust in the landing area. One synodic period is required for Earth to be in the same place relative to mars as when it landed.
Calculate the synodic period (in years) using the following formula:
1/Psyn = (1/PEarth) - (1/PMars)
where PEarth is the sidereal period of the Earth (1 year) and PMars is the sidereal period of Mars.
If 3/4 of a Martian year was spent collecting samples and exploring the terrain around the landing site, calculate how long the Mars Robotic Lander expedition took!
Venus can be as bright as apparent magnitude −4.7 when at a distance of about 1 AU. How many times fainter would Venus look from a distance of 7 pc? Assume Venus has the same illumination phase from your new vantage point. (Hints: Recall the inverse square law; also, review the definition of apparent visual magnitudes. Note: 1 pc = 2.1 ✕ 105 AU).
[fill in the blank] times fainter
What would its apparent magnitude be?
Chapter 22 Solutions
Foundations of Astronomy
Ch. 22 - Describe four ways Venus is similar to Earth...Ch. 22 - Why might you expect that Venuss surface...Ch. 22 - Describe and explain changes in Venuss surface...Ch. 22 - Describe sources and sinks of CO2, if any, on...Ch. 22 - Does Venuss surface experience meteorite impacts...Ch. 22 - Describe evidence of crustal movement (horizontal...Ch. 22 - Why isnt the crust of Venus broken into mobile...Ch. 22 - Do either Venus or Mars have composite volcanoes?...Ch. 22 - What evidence can you give that Venus once had...Ch. 22 - What evidence shows that Venus has been resurfaced...
Ch. 22 - Describe four ways Mars is similar to Earth today....Ch. 22 - How are todays atmospheres of Venus and Mars...Ch. 22 - Where is the oxygen on Mars today? How do you...Ch. 22 - Why doesnt Mars have folded mountain ranges like...Ch. 22 - Why isnt the crust of Mars broken into mobile...Ch. 22 - What were the canals on Mars eventually found to...Ch. 22 - How can planetary scientists estimate the ages of...Ch. 22 - Propose an explanation for the nearly pure CO2...Ch. 22 - Prob. 19RQCh. 22 - Describe sources and sinks of CO2, if any, on Mars...Ch. 22 - Does Marss surface experience any meteorite...Ch. 22 - Describe evidence of crustal movement (horizontal...Ch. 22 - What surface features on Mars today indicate that...Ch. 22 - Why are Phobos and Deimos non-spherical? Why is...Ch. 22 - How are a weather radar map and an image of a...Ch. 22 - Prob. 1DQCh. 22 - Prob. 2DQCh. 22 - Prob. 3DQCh. 22 - Prob. 4DQCh. 22 - Prob. 5DQCh. 22 - Prob. 6DQCh. 22 - Prob. 7DQCh. 22 - Prob. 8DQCh. 22 - Atmospheric jet streams on Venus travel at about...Ch. 22 - How long would radio signals take to travel from...Ch. 22 - What is the maximum angular diameter of Venus as...Ch. 22 - The Pioneer Venus orbiter circled Venus with a...Ch. 22 - Calculate the velocity of Venus as it orbits the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 6PCh. 22 - If the Magellan spacecraft transmitted radio...Ch. 22 - Prob. 8PCh. 22 - What is the angular size of Phobos observed from...Ch. 22 - Prob. 10PCh. 22 - Prob. 11PCh. 22 - Deimos is about 13 km in diameter and has a...Ch. 22 - Look at Figure 21-1. Compare temperature profiles...Ch. 22 - Look at the map of the Hawaiian chain of islands...Ch. 22 - Look at Figure 21-11. Which molecule(s) can escape...Ch. 22 - Volcano Sif Mons on Venus is shown in this radar...Ch. 22 - Olympus Mons on Mars is an enormous volcano. In...
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- Again using Appendix F, which planets might you expect to have extreme seasons? Whyarrow_forwardWhich is the phase of Venus when it is closest? Which when farthest? How do you know?arrow_forwardWhat is the maximum angular diameter of the dwarf planet Ceres when it is closest to Earth? Could Earth-based telescopes detect surface features? Could the Hubble Space Telescope? (Hint: Use the small-angle formula, Eq. 3-1.) (Notes: Ceress average distance from the Sun is 2.8 AU and its diameter is 950 km. The best angular resolution of Earth-based telescopes at visual wavelengths is about 1 arc second and of Hubble about 0.1 arc second.)arrow_forward
- Venus can be as bright as apparent magnitude 4.7 when at a distance of about 1 AU. How many times fainter would Venus look from a distance of 1 pc? What would its apparent magnitude be? Assume Venus has the same illumination phase from your new vantage point. (Hints: Recall the inverse square law, Section 9-2a; also, review the definition of apparent visual magnitudes, Chapter 2.) (Note: 1 pc = 2.1 105 AU.)arrow_forwardEarlier in this chapter, we modeled the solar system with Earth at a distance of about one city block from the Sun. If you were to make a model of the distances in the solar system to match your height, with the Sun at the top of your head and Pluto at your feet, which planet would be near your waist? How far down would the zone of the terrestrial planets reach?arrow_forwardVenus can be as bright as apparent magnitude -4.7 when at a distance of about 1 AU. How many times fainter would Venus look from a distance of 5 pc? Assume Venus has the same illumination phase from your new vantage point. (Hints: Recall the inverse square law; also, review the definition of apparent visual magnitudes. Note: 1 pc = 2.1 x 105 AU). times fainter What would its apparent magnitude be?arrow_forward
- Venus can be as bright as apparent magnitude −4.7 when at a distance of about 1 AU. How many times fainter would Venus look from a distance of 7 pc? Assume Venus has the same illumination phase from your new vantage point. (Hints: Recall the inverse square law; also, review the definition of apparent visual magnitudes. Note: 1 pc = 2.1 ✕ 105 AU). What would its apparent magnitude be?arrow_forwardA spacecraft leaving Earth is deployed at burnout from its launch vehicle at 400 km altitude with flight path angle -10.0 degrees and speed 10.8 km/sec. ; Using Kepler's equation, determine how long it will take the spacecraft to cross lunar orbit (assume the Moon is on a circular orbit about Earth with 384,000 km radius, and ignore the lunar gravitational effects). Confirm your answer to part (a) using the appropriate Lambert TOF a. b. equation. If burnout speed is increased to 13 km/sec (still with flight path angle с. at -10.0 degrees and altitude 400 km), how much time can be saved for the trip to the Moon?arrow_forwardthe area in between Mars' and Jupiter's orbit to be ~1.6e18 km2. Since there are roughly 750,000 asteroids, how much area (in km2) is available for one asteroid? Use this calculation to argue whether you are likely (or not) to hit an asteroid while flying through the asteroid belt. (Hint: To answer the first part of the question, find the area per asteroid)arrow_forward
- Imagine you grew up on Mars, whose semi-major axis is 1.5 AU. In observing the planets over your lifetime from the Martian surface, what is the largest angular separation you would see between the Earth and the Sun? Take the orbits of the Earth and Mars to be circular.arrow_forwardThe value we have just calculated is the combined masses of Jupiter and Callisto! Their mass is in units of the Sun's Mass (MS) - we can convert this to units which are more familiar to us like kilograms by multiplying this answer by the scale factor (1.99x1030 kg/1 MS): (MJupiter + MCallisto) = ( MS) (1.99x1030 kg/1 Solar Mass) = _______x_10___ kg (I have already written the x 10 so you are reminded to write the exponenet of 10 in the scientific notation expression of your answer). Since you know from looking at pictures of Jupiter with its Galilean Satellites (look in your book at a picture if you have not already), that Callisto is much smaller than Jupiter - in fact it is less than 0.001 of Jupiter's size or mass, so the number we have just calculated for (MJupiter + MCallisto) is almost the same as MJupiter . How much more massive is Jupiter than the Earth? (The mass of Earth is about 5.98 x 1024 kg)arrow_forwardWhy does Venus appear so bright to the naked eye?arrow_forward
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