Pearson eText Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135755785
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Chapter 22.4, Problem 2TC
Perhaps surprisingly, a
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a) What role does 'alternation of generation' play in encouraging
survival of simple plants like the Bryophytes and Hepatophytes.
b) i) Anthrophytes also show alternation of generation. Identify
the structures that represent these two stages in its life cycle.
ii) Explain why the alternation of generation in Anthrophytes must
be different from that of the Bryophytes.(-
In the early 1800s, potatoes became the main food staple for the people of Ireland. In 1845, a fungus native to South America, Phytophthora infestans, began to infect potato plants, causing potato blight and making the tubers inedible. Over the next several years, most of the potato plants in the country were destroyed by this invasive species.
Which of the following statements correctly explains why the Irish potato famine occurred?
A - The arrival of ships from South America led to human introduction of the disease.
B - A drought across Ireland in 1844 led to more damaged potato plants that were susceptible to infection.
C - An increase in trade with other European countries led to the introduction of plants that were already infected with the fungus.
D - Ireland’s climate became closer to that of South America, which allowed the fungus to infect potato plants and reproduce.
Which of the following describes a mutualistic relationship between insects and multicellular plants?
Interactions between Rhizobium and the Fabaceae family
Interactions between mycorrhizae and trees
Interactions related to acacia trees
Lichens
Corals and Zooxanthellae
Interactions between a host and a cleaner species
Chapter 22 Solutions
Pearson eText Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 22.1 - describe the features that distinguish plants from...Ch. 22.2 - In stark contrast to the stinking corpse lily and...Ch. 22.2 - describe the probable ancestor of plants?Ch. 22.2 - identify the closest living relatives of plants...Ch. 22.2 - describe the adaptations that equip plants for...Ch. 22.3 - Why are all nonvascular plants short?Ch. 22.3 - In each of these photos, is the pictured structure...Ch. 22.3 - Can you think of some adaptations that help...Ch. 22.3 - What are the advantages and disadvantages of wind...Ch. 22.3 - Which Plant Provide Us with the Most Food?
Ch. 22.3 - The stinking corpse lily harms species it...Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 22.3 - describe the major plant taxonomic groups and...Ch. 22.3 - describe the key steps in the life cycles of...Ch. 22.4 - In the initial trials with Argemone mexicana in...Ch. 22.4 - describe some of the effects that plants have on...Ch. 22.4 - Perhaps surprisingly, a parasitic lifestyle is not...Ch. 22 - In an alternation of generations life cycle,...Ch. 22 - Which of the following are not nonvascular plants?...Ch. 22 - Which of the following structures is present in...Ch. 22 - In which of the following is the gametophyte stage...Ch. 22 - Prob. 5MCCh. 22 - Scientists hypothesize that the ancestors of...Ch. 22 - Plant adaptations to life on land include a(n)...Ch. 22 - Seedless vascular plants must reproduce when...Ch. 22 - Three groups of nonvascular plants are __________,...Ch. 22 - What is meant by alternation of generations? What...Ch. 22 - Prob. 2RQCh. 22 - Describe evolutionary trends in the life cycles of...Ch. 22 - From which algal group did green plants probably...Ch. 22 - Prob. 5RQCh. 22 - Prob. 6RQCh. 22 - Prob. 7RQCh. 22 - Prob. 8RQCh. 22 - Prob. 9RQCh. 22 - Prob. 1ACCh. 22 - Prob. 2AC
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- Plants play a key role in the terrestrial environments of Earth. I) If plants had not colonized land – how would terrestrial ecosystems differ today? ii) Other than a source of food – what are two specific beneficial roles plants play in human society?arrow_forwardIn the early 1800s, potatoes became the main food staple for the people of Ireland. In 1845, a fungus native to South America, Phytophthora infestans, began to infect potato plants, causing potato blight and making the tubers inedible. Over the next several years, most of the potato plants in the country were destroyed by this invasive species. Which of the following statements correctly explains why the Irish potato famine occurred? The arrival of ships from South America led to human introduction of the disease. A drought across Ireland in 1844 led to more damaged potato plants that were susceptible to infection. An increase in trade with other European countries led to the introduction of plants that were already infected with the fungus. Ireland's climate became closer to that of South America, which allowed the fungus to infect potato plants and reproduce.arrow_forward4) There are several other animal models that display regenerative properties including the zebrafish, salamander, and hydra. What specific strengths do planarians offer that makes studying regeneration feasible? 5) Discuss any one conceptual problem that can be addressed by studying regeneration in planaria. The discussion should include what is the problem and how does planaria help in studying the problem? I 6) What is a blastema? Where is it formed and how does it appear?arrow_forward
- Plants Are Adapted to Life on Land Plants developed from a group of green algae (members of Kingdom Protista) called the charophytes. Like these green algae, plants have a life cycle called the alternation of generations. Draw a diagram of the basic life cycle of a plant, showing the alternation of the sporophyte and gametophyte generations. Unlike green algae that live in water, plants live on land. Being surrounded by air means that they risk losing too much water through evaporation and dying from dehydration. Name 3 characteristics of plants that help them conserve water and protect them from drying.arrow_forwardRead these two statements about plant-fungal interactions, then pick the statement below that is TRUE. (A) Root fungi in phylum Ascomycota can cause plants to produce antioxidants that provide protection against the stress of drought, and plants feed carbon to the fungi in their roots. (B) Root fungi and plants have evolved mutual benefits through a long history of interaction, in which fungi that provided the greatest benefits to plants had the highest fitness because of the carbon the plants fed them, and plants that supported fungi had the highest fitness because of the protection provided by the fungi. (A) is a proximate cause for plant-fungal symbiosis, whereas (B) is an ultimate cause. O (A) is an ultimate cause for plant-fungal symbiosis, whereas (B) is a proximate cause. Understanding plant-fungal interactions would NOT require cost-benefit analysis because there are no fitness trade-offs. (A) is an innate behavior and (B) is a learned behavior. O O O Oarrow_forwardThe Darwin Moth is the sole pollinator of a particular type of orchild. What type of symbiotic relationship exists between these organisms?arrow_forward
- Many fungi are decomposers and degrade organic matter (such as wood and leaf litter). It has become clear that many of these decomposers are also able to colonize live plants as endophytes (living inside the plant without causing any harm) and allowing for prime access to plant tissues once the plant dies. Explain, using the principles of natural selection, how having the ability to be both a decomposer and endophyte evolved. Make sure you include the four steps of evolution by natural selection in your response.arrow_forwardWhich of the following comparisons between the moss life cycle and fern life cycle are correct? A) Mosses have flagellated sperm that need water to reach the female gamete, while the sperm of ferns are unflagellated and are not dependent on water.B) The sporophyte generation is smaller than the gametophyte generation in mosses, but the sporophyte generation is much larger than the gametophyte generation in ferns.C) The spores are produced in capsules on stalks in mosses but in small structures called sori on the underside of leaves in ferns.D) The gametes are produced in gametangia in mosses but in specialized structures on the underside of leaves in ferns.E) Both kinds of plants depend on wind for dispersal of spores.arrow_forwardA plant biologist discovers a new species of plant in the ashes of a recent forest fire along the sides of a steep mountain range. It is fall, and temperatures are dropping below freezing. The biologist cannot stay in the field to observe the plant. What can he infer about the plants reproductive strategy based on his recent observations? A) the plant will produce flowers because at this altitude there is sufficient sunlight B) the plant will produce comes because cones will mature into adult plants more rapidly C) the plant will produce cones because cones allow for seed dispersal through all seasons D) the plant will produce flowers because flowers can protect the seed from extreme conditionsarrow_forward
- Can you answer all the parts to this question please (a) What are the advantages of the self-incompatibility (SI) system in plants? Give at least three advantages. (b) What are the differences between gametophytic SI and sporophytic SI?arrow_forwardthe graph is depicting the size of eggs and number of eggs for the mycalesis terminus butterfly. the right of the graph represents the mass of the eggs (solid blue) and the left side represents the number of eggs (striped blue) Describe one realistic difference between host plants that might be affecting the numbers and sizes of eggs that a female lays on these plants. Suppose the ability of a female to adjust her egg and clutch size is an adaptation in these butterflies. Based on the difference between host plants that you identified in Part C, describe and explain why that difference would impact how a female adjusts the size or number of eggs (choose only one of these). Your answer just needs to be possible, not necessarily true.arrow_forwardWhich of the following explains why pea plants in high soil nitrogen conditions have so few rhizobial nodules on their roots? When there is already high soil nitrogen there is a very large cost to having rhizobial nodules. The rhizobia bacteria in the nodules fix nitrogen when there isn't enough in the soil, so when there is already high soil nitrogen there is no advantage for the pea plant to expend the extra energy housing the rhizobia. The rhizobia bacteria in the nodules use nitrogen when there isn't enough in the soil, so in conditions of high soil nitrogen the plant tries to exclude the rhizobia to keep the nitrogen for itself. When there is already high soil nitrogen there is no benefit to the plant to having rhizobial nodules, which can rob the plant of the high nitrogen supplies so that the rhizobia bacteria do not have to fix the nitrogen themselves.arrow_forward
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