Biology - Study Guide
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780321501561
Author: Martha R. Taylor
Publisher: PEARSON EDUCATION (COLLEGE)
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Chapter 23, Problem 1TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Microevolution can be defined as the changes that occur in the alleles or the genotypes. It leads to the development of minute changes across generations. Microevolution comprises microevolutionary forces that contribute to the process of evolution.
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Homologous genesa. are derived from the same ancestral gene.b. are likely to carry out the same or similar functions.c. have similar DNA sequences.d. exhibit all of the above features.
A researcher compares several species of maple tree by examining the amino acid sequence of a protein. The researcher discovers that the amino acid sequence differs in three locations depending on the species of tree. What can the researcher conclude based on this data?
A.
Maple trees are evolving rapidly.
B.
The different species have different morphological characteristics.
C.
The maple trees have been exposed to high levels of mutagens.
D.
The genetic makeup of the maple tree population has changed over time.
Gene flow is accomplished by ______
A) migration
B) sexual recombination C) natural selectionD) genetic driftE) mutation
Then explain why the incorrect answers are wrong.
Chapter 23 Solutions
Biology - Study Guide
Ch. 23 - a. What is a major source of genetic variation for...Ch. 23 - In a population of 200 mice, 98 are homozygous...Ch. 23 - Use the allele frequencies you determined in...Ch. 23 - Practice using the Hardy-Weinberg equation so that...Ch. 23 - Prob. 5IQCh. 23 - Why hasnt the highly deleterious sickle-cell...Ch. 23 - a. What is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? b. Define...Ch. 23 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 23 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 2TYK
Ch. 23 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 23 - Mice have an estimated 1,000 olfactory receptor...Ch. 23 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 23 - If a population has the following genotype...Ch. 23 - In a population with two alleles, B and b, the...Ch. 23 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 23 - In a random sample of a population of shorthorn...Ch. 23 - Genetic drift is likely to be seen in a population...Ch. 23 - Porphyria variegata is a genetic disease...Ch. 23 - Cystic fibrosis is a very serious genetic disorder...Ch. 23 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 21TYK
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- What problems does horizontal gene transfer cause for evolutionary biologists? a. It can make the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees difficult because it can obscure phylogenetic relationships. b. It can cause physiological problems in some organisms, making it hard to study them. c. It can make breeding between different individuals of the same species difficult. d. Because it is the transfer of genes between the same species, it can make individuals look more similar than they actually are. e. All of the above.arrow_forwardWhat is a cline? a. the slope of a mountain where a population lives b. the degree to which a mutation helps an individual survive c. the number of individuals in the population d. gradual geographic variation across an ecological gradientarrow_forwardWhich of the following does not support the idea of descent with modification? A. Organisms and the cells that they are composed of arise from DNA B. When organisms reproduce they generate new copies of DNA to pass down to their offspring C. We inherit traits from our ancestors because in possess molecules of their DNA that you received from your parents D. In the process of DNA replication, mutations occur with the goal of increasing an organism's fitnessarrow_forward
- Some species undergo polyploidy, which is a multiplication of their chromosomes. That is, they contain full chromosomes from each parent. How could speciation affect a polyploid organism? A. The polyploid organisms may experience gametic isolation. B. The polyploid organisms may experience behavioral isolation. C. The polyploid organisms may experience geographic isolation. D. The polyploid organisms would not be affected by speciation.arrow_forwardThe challenge in using sequence data to estimate the evolutionary tree for all living things is to find a gene that shows recognizable sequence similarities even between highly distantly related species . Which of the following should NOT be among the features of this gene? A. The gene subject to strong diversifying selection. B. It is present in all organisms. C. It encodes a product whose function is essential. D. The function of the gene must have remained the same in all organisms.arrow_forwardD) Two dragonfly populations that have accumulated several differences in their DNA sequences How do you know that is the answer? I thought we were not allowed to use DNA sequences in the lineage species concept.arrow_forward
- The definition of "lineage" is: Select one or more: a. the same as the Tree of Life b. a population of organisms captured at one specific time c. a series of ancestor and descendant lineages over time d. a character that has evolved over timearrow_forwardExplain why the answer is correct. For eukaryote cells to evolve into new types of eukaryotic organisms, which of the following would one expect to occur? The correct answer is E a) these cells have evolved because they have different DNA because of mutations b) Their endoplasmic reticulum is synthesizing new and/or different proteins. c) These specialized cells activate new genes to synthesize new proteins. d) these organisms have new characteristics because they have acquired new genes. e) all of these are truearrow_forwardWhich of the following statement about the outcome of the evolution of a new species through hybridization is false? a.The new species may have traits that allow it to inhibit environments different from both parental species. b.The new species is always an intermediate of the two parental species c.The new species may have greater genetic diversity and greater trait diversity than the parental species. d.None of the above What are the two ways of looking into evolution in detail? a.Micro frequency change and ascent with modification b.Genotypic and phenotypic modification c.DNA frequency change and inheritance modification d.Allele frequency change and descent with modification Natural selection increases the frequencies of advantageous alleles and decreases deleterious alleles' frequencies. What are the three categories of natural selection depending on the favored traits? a.Directive, selective and native b.Indicative, normative and fixative c.Directional, stabilizing and…arrow_forward
- What consequences does horizontal gene transfer pose for evolutionary biologists? a. It can pose difficulty in the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees, because it can obscure phylogenetic relationships. b. It can pose physiological problems in some organisms, making it very hard to study them. c. It can pose difficulty in breeding between different individuals of the same species. d. Because it is transfer of genes between the same species, it can make individuals look very more similar than they actually are. e. All of the above.arrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes Muller's ratchet? a. Asexually reproducing lineages are more prone to attack from parasites. b. Asexually reproducing species are less likely to go extinct over time. c. Asexually reproducing species accumulate mutations and can not remove them from lineages because mutations are passed down to all offspring. d. Asexually reproducing species are less likely to evolve parental care over time.arrow_forwardWhich of the following most accurately describes mutations? a. They typically have immediate and impactful evolutionary effects on populations. b. They are required for all populations to evolve. c. They are always deleterious. d. They occur so infrequently that most populations to harbor very little variation.arrow_forward
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