Linear Algebra With Applications
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321796943
Author: BRETSCHER, Otto.
Publisher: Pearson Education
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Chapter 2.3, Problem 78E
To determine
To find: The equilibrium distribution.
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According to data collected during one year in a large metropolitan community, 30% of commuters used public transportation to get to work, and this rose by 4% the following year. This is modeled by the transition matrix
P P'
M=
P
P'
0.9 0.1
0.1 0.9
, So = [0.3 0.7]
where P represents the percentage of people that use public transportation and P' the percentage of people that do not. What percentage of commuters in this communit will use public transportation in the long run? Round the percent to
the nearest tenth.
O A. 50.0%
OB. 37.2%
O C. 34.0%
O D. 30.0%
C
b. Suppose that e, is zero mean white noise with var(et) = o. Consider the process:
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ii.
iii.
iv.
Y₁ = 1+0.4Y-1 + et - 0.3e-1
0.15€t-2
Write the model using lag operator notation.
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360 Applied
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A B C D E
G=[ 0.05 0.125 0.175 045 0.20 ]
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Linear Algebra With Applications
Ch. 2.1 - GOAL Use the concept of a linear transformation in...Ch. 2.1 - GOAL Use the concept of a linear transformation in...Ch. 2.1 - GOAL Use the concept of a linear transformation in...Ch. 2.1 - Find the matrix of the linear transformation...Ch. 2.1 - Consider the linear transformation T from 3 to 2...Ch. 2.1 - Consider the transformationT from 2 to 3 given by...Ch. 2.1 - Suppose v1,v2...,vm are arbitrary vectors in n...Ch. 2.1 - Find the inverse of the linear transformation...Ch. 2.1 - In Exercises 9 through 12, decide whether the...Ch. 2.1 - In Exercises 9 through 12, decide whether the...
Ch. 2.1 - In Exercises 9 through 12, decide whether the...Ch. 2.1 - In Exercises 9 through 12, decide whether the...Ch. 2.1 - Prove the following facts: a. The 22 matrix...Ch. 2.1 - a. For which values of the constantk is the matrix...Ch. 2.1 - For which values of the constants a and b is the...Ch. 2.1 - Give a geometric interpretation of the linear...Ch. 2.1 - Give a geometric interpretation of the linear...Ch. 2.1 - Give a geometric interpretation of the linear...Ch. 2.1 - Give a geometric interpretation of the linear...Ch. 2.1 - Give a geometric interpretation of the linear...Ch. 2.1 - Give a geometric interpretation of the linear...Ch. 2.1 - Give a geometric interpretation of the linear...Ch. 2.1 - Give a geometric interpretation of the linear...Ch. 2.1 - Consider the circular face in the accompanying...Ch. 2.1 - Consider the circular face in the accompanying...Ch. 2.1 - Consider the circular face in the accompanying...Ch. 2.1 - Consider the circular face in the accompanying...Ch. 2.1 - Consider the circular face in the accompanying...Ch. 2.1 - Consider the circular face in the accompanying...Ch. 2.1 - Consider the circular face in the accompanying...Ch. 2.1 - In Chapter 1, we mentioned that an old German...Ch. 2.1 - Find an nn matrix A such that Ax=3x , for all x in...Ch. 2.1 - Consider the transformation T from 2 to 2...Ch. 2.1 - Consider the transformation T from 2 to 2 that...Ch. 2.1 - In the example about the French coast guard in...Ch. 2.1 - Let T be a linear transformation from 2 to 2 . Let...Ch. 2.1 - Consider a linear transformation T from 2 to 2 ....Ch. 2.1 - The two column vectors v1 and v2 of a 22 matrix A...Ch. 2.1 - Show that if T is a linear transformation from m...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 40ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 41ECh. 2.1 - When you represent a three-dimensional object...Ch. 2.1 - a. Consider the vector v=[234] . Is the...Ch. 2.1 - The cross product of two vectors in 3 is given by...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 45ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 46ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 47ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 48ECh. 2.1 - Prove that if A is a transition matrix and x is a...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 50ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 51ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 52ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 53ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 54ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 55ECh. 2.1 - For each of the, mini-Webs in Exercises 54 through...Ch. 2.1 - Some parking meters in downtown Geneva,...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 58ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 59ECh. 2.1 - In the financial pages of a newspaper, one can...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 61ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 62ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 63ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 64ECh. 2.2 - Sketch the image of the standard L under the...Ch. 2.2 - Find the matrix of a rotation through an angle of...Ch. 2.2 - Consider a linear transformation T from 2 to 3 ....Ch. 2.2 - Interpret the following linear transformation...Ch. 2.2 - The matrix [0.80.60.60.8] represents a rotation....Ch. 2.2 - Let L be the line in 3 that consists of all scalar...Ch. 2.2 - Let L be the line in 3 that consists of all scalar...Ch. 2.2 - Interpret the following linear transformation...Ch. 2.2 - Interpret the following linear transformation...Ch. 2.2 - Find the matrix of the orthogonal projection onto...Ch. 2.2 - Refer to Exercise 10. Find the matrix of the...Ch. 2.2 - Consider a reflection matrix A and a vector x in 2...Ch. 2.2 - Suppose a line L in 2 contains the Unit vector...Ch. 2.2 - Suppose a line L in 3 contains the unit vector...Ch. 2.2 - Suppose a line L in 3 contains the unit vector...Ch. 2.2 - Let T(x)=refL(x) be the reflection about the line...Ch. 2.2 - Consider a matrix A of the form A=[abba] , where...Ch. 2.2 - The linear transformation T(x)=[0.60.80.80.6]x is...Ch. 2.2 - Find the matrices of the linear transformations...Ch. 2.2 - Find the matrices of the linear transformations...Ch. 2.2 - Find the matrices of the linear transformations...Ch. 2.2 - Find the matrices of the linear transformations...Ch. 2.2 - Find the matrices of the linear transformations...Ch. 2.2 - Rotations and reflections have two remarkable...Ch. 2.2 - Find the inverse of the matrix [1k01] ,where k is...Ch. 2.2 - a. Find the scaling matrix A that transforms [21]...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 27ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 28ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 29ECh. 2.2 - Find a nonzero 22 matrix A such that Ax is...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 31ECh. 2.2 - Consider the rotation matrix D=[cossinsincos] and...Ch. 2.2 - Consider two nonparallel lines L1 and L2 in 2...Ch. 2.2 - One of the five given matrices represents an...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 35ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 36ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 37ECh. 2.2 - The determinant of a matrix [abcd] is adbc (wehave...Ch. 2.2 - Describe each of the linear transformations...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 40ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 41ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 42ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 43ECh. 2.2 - A nonzero matrix of the form A=[abba] represents a...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 45ECh. 2.2 - A nonzero matrix of the form A=[abba] represents a...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 47ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 48ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 49ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 50ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 51ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 52ECh. 2.2 - Sketch the image of the unit circle under the...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 54ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 55ECh. 2.2 - Consider an invertible linear transformation T...Ch. 2.3 - If possible, compute the matrix products in...Ch. 2.3 - If possible, compute the matrix products in...Ch. 2.3 - If possible, compute the matrix products in...Ch. 2.3 - If possible, compute the matrix products in...Ch. 2.3 - If possible, compute the matrix products in...Ch. 2.3 - If possible, compute the matrix products in...Ch. 2.3 - If possible, compute the matrix products in...Ch. 2.3 - If possible, compute the matrix products in...Ch. 2.3 - If possible, compute the matrix products in...Ch. 2.3 - If possible, compute the matrix products in...Ch. 2.3 - If possible, compute the matrix products in...Ch. 2.3 - If possible, compute the matrix products in...Ch. 2.3 - If possible, compute the matrix products in...Ch. 2.3 - For the matrices A=[ 1 1 1 1],B=[ 1 2 3],C=[ 1 0 1...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 15ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 16ECh. 2.3 - In the Exercises 17 through 26,find all matrices...Ch. 2.3 - In the Exercises 17 through 26, find all matrices...Ch. 2.3 - In the Exercises 17 through 26, find all matrices...Ch. 2.3 - In the Exercises 17 through 26, find all matrices...Ch. 2.3 - In the Exercises 17 through 26, find all matrices...Ch. 2.3 - In the Exercises 17 through 26, find all matrices...Ch. 2.3 - In the Exercises 17 through 26, find all matrices...Ch. 2.3 - In the Exercises 17 through 26, find all matrices...Ch. 2.3 - In the Exercises 17 through 26, find all matrices...Ch. 2.3 - In the Exercises 17 through 26, find all matrices...Ch. 2.3 - Prove the distributive laws for matrices:...Ch. 2.3 - Consider an np matrix A, a pm in matrix B, and...Ch. 2.3 - Consider the matrix D=[cossinsincos] . We know...Ch. 2.3 - Consider the lines P and Q in 2 in the...Ch. 2.3 - Consider two matrices A and B whose product ABis...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 32ECh. 2.3 - For the matrices A in Exercises 33 through 42,...Ch. 2.3 - For the matrices A in Exercises 33 through 42,...Ch. 2.3 - For the matrices A in Exercises 33 through 42,...Ch. 2.3 - For the matrices A in Exercises 33 through 42,...Ch. 2.3 - For the matrices A in Exercises 33 through 42,...Ch. 2.3 - For the matrices A in Exercises 33 through 42,...Ch. 2.3 - For the matrices A in Exercises 33 through 42,...Ch. 2.3 - For the matrices A in Exercises 33 through 42,...Ch. 2.3 - For the matrices A in Exercises 33 through 42,...Ch. 2.3 - For the matrices A in Exercises 33 through 42,...Ch. 2.3 - In Exercises 43 through 48, find a 22matrix A with...Ch. 2.3 - In Exercises 43 through 48, find a 22matrix A with...Ch. 2.3 - In Exercises 43 through 48, find a 22matrix A with...Ch. 2.3 - In Exercises 43 through 48, find a 22matrix A with...Ch. 2.3 - In Exercises 43 through 48, find a 22matrix A with...Ch. 2.3 - In Exercises 43 through 48, find a 22matrix A with...Ch. 2.3 - In Exercises 49 through 54, consider the matrices...Ch. 2.3 - In Exercises 49 through 54, consider the matrices...Ch. 2.3 - In Exercises 49 through 54, consider the matrices...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 52ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 53ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 54ECh. 2.3 - In Exercises 55 through 64,find all matrices X...Ch. 2.3 - In Exercises 55 through 64, find all matrices X...Ch. 2.3 - In Exercises 55 through 64, find all matrices X...Ch. 2.3 - In Exercises 55 through 64, find all matrices X...Ch. 2.3 - In Exercises 55 through 64, find all matrices X...Ch. 2.3 - In Exercises 55 through 64, find all matrices X...Ch. 2.3 - In Exercises 55 through 64, find all matrices X...Ch. 2.3 - In Exercises 55 through 64, find all matrices X...Ch. 2.3 - In Exercises 55 through 64, find all matrices X...Ch. 2.3 - In Exercises 55 through 64, find all matrices X...Ch. 2.3 - Find all upper triangular 22 matrices X such that...Ch. 2.3 - Find all lower triangular 33 matrices X such that...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 67ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 68ECh. 2.3 - Consider the matrix A2 in Example 4 of Section...Ch. 2.3 - a. Compute A3 for the matrix A in Example 2.3.4....Ch. 2.3 - For the mini-Web in Example 2.3.4, find pages i...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 72ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 73ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 74ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 75ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 76ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 77ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 78ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 79ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 80ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 81ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 82ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 83ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 84ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 85ECh. 2.4 - Decide whether the matrices in Exercises 1 through...Ch. 2.4 - Decide whether the matrices in Exercises 1 through...Ch. 2.4 - Decide whether the matrices in Exercises 1 through...Ch. 2.4 - Decide whether the matrices in Exercises 1 through...Ch. 2.4 - Decide whether the matrices in Exercises 1 through...Ch. 2.4 - Decide whether the matrices in Exercises 1 through...Ch. 2.4 - Decide whether the matrices in Exercises 1 through...Ch. 2.4 - Decide whether the matrices in Exercises 1 through...Ch. 2.4 - Decide whether the matrices in Exercises 1 through...Ch. 2.4 - Decide whether the matrices in Exercises 1 through...Ch. 2.4 - Decide whether the matrices in Exercises 1 through...Ch. 2.4 - Decide whether the matrices in Exercises 1 through...Ch. 2.4 - Decide whether the matrices in Exercises 1 through...Ch. 2.4 - Decide whether the matrices in Exercises 1 through...Ch. 2.4 - Decide whether the matrices in Exercises 1 through...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 16ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 17ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 18ECh. 2.4 - Decide whether the linear transformations in...Ch. 2.4 - Decide whether the linear transformations in...Ch. 2.4 - Which of the functions f from to in Exercises 21...Ch. 2.4 - Which of the functions f from to in Exercises 21...Ch. 2.4 - Which of the functions f from to in Exercises 21...Ch. 2.4 - Which of the functions f from to in Exercises 21...Ch. 2.4 - Which of the (nonlinear) tranformtions from 2to...Ch. 2.4 - Which of the (nonlinear) tranformtions from 2to...Ch. 2.4 - Which of the (nonlinear) tranformtions from 2to...Ch. 2.4 - Find the inverse of the linear transformation...Ch. 2.4 - For which values of the constant k is the...Ch. 2.4 - For which values of the constants h and c is the...Ch. 2.4 - For which values of the constants a, b, and c is...Ch. 2.4 - Find all matrices [abcd] such that adbc=1 and A1=A...Ch. 2.4 - Consider the matrices of the form A=[abba] ,where...Ch. 2.4 - Consider the diagonal matrix A=[a000b000c] . a....Ch. 2.4 - Consider the upper triangular 33 matrix...Ch. 2.4 - To determine whether a square matrix A is...Ch. 2.4 - If A is an invertible matrix and c is a nonzero...Ch. 2.4 - Find A1 for A=[1k01] .Ch. 2.4 - Consider a square matrix that differs from the...Ch. 2.4 - Show that if a square matrix A has two equal...Ch. 2.4 - Which of the following linear transformations T...Ch. 2.4 - A square matrix is called a permutation matrix if...Ch. 2.4 - Consider two invertible nn matrices A and B. Is...Ch. 2.4 - Consider the nn matrix Mn , with n2 , that...Ch. 2.4 - To gauge the complexity of a computational task,...Ch. 2.4 - Consider the linear system Ax=b ,where A is an...Ch. 2.4 - Give an example of a noninvertible function f from...Ch. 2.4 - Consider an invertible linear transformation...Ch. 2.4 - Input-Output Analysis. (This exercise builds on...Ch. 2.4 - This exercise refers to exercise 49a. Consider the...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 51ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 52ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 53ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 54ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 55ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 56ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 57ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 58ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 59ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 60ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 61ECh. 2.4 - In Exercises 55 through 65, show that the given...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 63ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 64ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 65ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 66ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 67ECh. 2.4 - For two invertible nnmatrices A and B, determine...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 69ECh. 2.4 - For two invertible nnmatrices A and B, determine...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 71ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 72ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 73ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 74ECh. 2.4 - For two invertible nnmatrices A and B, determine...Ch. 2.4 - Find all linear transformations T from 2 to 2...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 77ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 78ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 79ECh. 2.4 - Consider the regular tetrahedron sketched below,...Ch. 2.4 - Find the matrices of the transformations T and L...Ch. 2.4 - Consider the matrix E=[100310001] and an arbitrary...Ch. 2.4 - Are elementary matrices invertible? If so, is the...Ch. 2.4 - a. Justify the following: If A is an nm in matrix,...Ch. 2.4 - a. Justify the following: If A is an nm...Ch. 2.4 - a. Justify the following: Any invertible matrix is...Ch. 2.4 - Write all possible forms of elementary...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 88ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 89ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 90ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 91ECh. 2.4 - Show that the matrix A=[0110] cannot be written...Ch. 2.4 - In this exercise we will examine which invertible...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 94ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 95ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 96ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 97ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 98ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 99ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 100ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 101ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 102ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 103ECh. 2.4 - The color of light can be represented in a vector...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 105ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 106ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 107ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 108ECh. 2 - The matrix [5665] represents a rotation...Ch. 2 - If A is any invertible nn matrix, then A...Ch. 2 - Prob. 3ECh. 2 - Matrix [1/21/21/21/2] represents a rotation.Ch. 2 - Prob. 5ECh. 2 - Prob. 6ECh. 2 - Prob. 7ECh. 2 - Prob. 8ECh. 2 - Prob. 9ECh. 2 - Prob. 10ECh. 2 - Matrix [k25k6] is invertible for all real numbers...Ch. 2 - There exists a real number k such that the matrix...Ch. 2 - Prob. 13ECh. 2 - Prob. 14ECh. 2 - Prob. 15ECh. 2 - Prob. 16ECh. 2 - Prob. 17ECh. 2 - Prob. 18ECh. 2 - Prob. 19ECh. 2 - Prob. 20ECh. 2 - Prob. 21ECh. 2 - Prob. 22ECh. 2 - Prob. 23ECh. 2 - There exists a matrix A such that [1212]A=[1111] .Ch. 2 - Prob. 25ECh. 2 - Prob. 26ECh. 2 - Prob. 27ECh. 2 - There exists a nonzero upper triangular 22 matrix...Ch. 2 - Prob. 29ECh. 2 - Prob. 30ECh. 2 - Prob. 31ECh. 2 - Prob. 32ECh. 2 - Prob. 33ECh. 2 - If A2 is invertible, then matrix A itself must be...Ch. 2 - Prob. 35ECh. 2 - Prob. 36ECh. 2 - Prob. 37ECh. 2 - Prob. 38ECh. 2 - Prob. 39ECh. 2 - Prob. 40ECh. 2 - Prob. 41ECh. 2 - Prob. 42ECh. 2 - Prob. 43ECh. 2 - Prob. 44ECh. 2 - Prob. 45ECh. 2 - Prob. 46ECh. 2 - Prob. 47ECh. 2 - Prob. 48ECh. 2 - Prob. 49ECh. 2 - Prob. 50ECh. 2 - Prob. 51ECh. 2 - Prob. 52ECh. 2 - Prob. 53ECh. 2 - Prob. 54ECh. 2 - Prob. 55ECh. 2 - Prob. 56ECh. 2 - Prob. 57ECh. 2 - Prob. 58ECh. 2 - Prob. 59ECh. 2 - Prob. 60ECh. 2 - Prob. 61ECh. 2 - For every transition matrix A there exists a...
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